Study on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of In Situ Synthesized TA1/Ti64 New Alloy through Dual-wire Electron Beam Freedom Fabrication

doi:10.3901/JME.260219

Abstract

Abstract: To address the insufficient corrosion resistance of Ti64 titanium alloy in marine environments, this study develops a novel high-corrosion-resistant titanium alloy through compositional design and microstructural control. Utilizing the Dual Wire Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) technique, a new TA1/Ti64 alloy is prepared using TA1 and Ti64 as raw materials, systematically investigating its electrochemical corrosion behavior and related mechanisms in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results indicate that the forming direction significantly influences the microstructure of the alloy：the horizontally deposited samples exhibit fine layered α-phase, while the vertically deposited samples form a composite structure consisting of a network of β-phase and α-phase. Compared to conventional Ti64 alloy, the novel alloy demonstrates a remarkable grain refinement effect, with a grain refinement rate of 23.1% for the vertical samples and as high as 30.5% for the horizontal samples. This optimization of microstructure directly enhances the corrosion resistance of the material. Electrochemical tests reveal that the corrosion current density of the horizontal samples is reduced by 38.1% compared to Ti64, while the vertical samples show a decrease of 7.5%. The pitting potentials of the horizontal and vertical samples are increased by 14.2% and 8.9%, significantly enhancing their resistance to localized corrosion. The findings of this study provide a new avenue for the development of high-performance titanium alloys for marine environments.

Key words: dual-wire electron beam freedom fabrication, titanium alloys, electrochemistry, corrosion resistance

CLC Number:

TG162

LI Pengfei, SHEN Yiming, LI Liangliang, WANG Changyu, HUANG Ning, LIU Liping, SHEN Chungen, LU Jinzhong. Study on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of In Situ Synthesized TA1/Ti64 New Alloy through Dual-wire Electron Beam Freedom Fabrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 181-192.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/10.3901/JME.260219

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V62/I12/181

References

[1] LU H，TANG Y，SHI H，et al. Effect of Zr addition on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb-xZr(x= 0，5，10，15，20 wt%) alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2024，998:174994.
[2] LIU X，ZHANG P，LI W，et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy joint fabricated by vortex flow-based friction stir welding[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，37(1):159.
[3] JIANG G，LIU L，XU D，et al. Effect of dissolved precursors on corrosion characteristics of Ni-based alloy Inconel 625，stainless steel 316L and titanium alloy TA2 in acidic and neutral supercritical water:A comparative study[J]. Journal of Supercritical Fluids，2024，209:106249.
[4] QIAO Y，QIN Y，ZHOU H，et al. Electrochemical hydrogen charging on corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in artificial seawater[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，37(1):2.
[5] JIANG P F，LI X R，ZONG X M，et al. Multi-wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti basic heterogeneous alloy:Effect of deposition current on the microstructure，mechanical property and corrosion-resistance[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2022，920:166056.
[6] XU C，PENG Y，CHEN L Y，et al. Corrosion behavior of wire-arc additive manufactured and as-cast Ni-Al bronze in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution[J]. Corrosion Science，2023，215:111048.
[7] CAI X，YANG M，WANG S，et al. Experimental investigations on corrosion behavior and antibacterial property of nickel-aluminum bronze fabricated through wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)[J]. Corrosion Science，2023，214:111040.
[8] PONIKAROVA I，PALANI I A，LIULCHAK P，et al. The effect of substrate and arc voltage on the structure and functional behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2021，70:132-139.
[9] SYED A K，ZHANG X，CABALLERO A，et al. Influence of deposition strategies on tensile and fatigue properties in a wire+arc additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V[J]. International Journal of Fatigue，2021，149:106268.
[10] LÜ J，ALEXANDROV I V，LUO K，et al. Microstructural evolution and anisotropic regulation in tensile property of cold metal transfer additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloys via ultrasonic impact treatment[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A，2022，859:144177.
[11] AMAYA-VAZQUEZ M R，SÁNCHEZ-AMAYA J M，BOUKHA Z，et al. Microstructure，microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TiG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser[J]. Corrosion Science，2012，56:36-48.
[12] ZENG L，BIELER T R. Effects of working，heat treatment，and aging on microstructural evolution and crystallographic texture of α，α'，α″ and β phases in Ti-6Al-4V wire[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A，2005，392(1-2):403-414.
[13] LIU C，LU Y，TIAN X，et al. Influence of continuous grain boundary α on ductility of laser melting deposited titanium alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A，2016，661:145-151.
[14] ZHAO Q，PAN Z，WANG X，et al. Corrosion and passive behavior of AlxCrFeNi3-x(x=0.6，0.8，1.0) eutectic high entropy alloys in chloride environment[J]. Corrosion Science，2022，208:110666.
[15] LIU X，CHEN S，ZHANG J，et al. Enhancement of the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy reinforced by nano- and micro-TiC particles through directed energy deposition[J]. Corrosion Science，2023，221:111343.
[16] HAN B，ZHU S，DONG W，et al. Improved mechanical performance and electrochemical corrosion of WC-Al2O3 composite in NaCl solution by adding the TiC additives[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials，2021，99:105566.
[17] BAI P，HUO P，ZHAO Z，et al. Microstructure evolution and corrosion mechanism of in situ synthesized TiC/TC4 alloy nanocomposites fabricated by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Ceramics International，2023，49(2):2752-2764.
[18] WANG Y，HAO E，ZHAO X，et al. Effect of microstructure evolution of Ti6Al4V alloy on its cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance in artificial seawater[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology，2022，100:169-181.
[19] JIANG X J，MENG Y G，RAN Q X，et al. Corrosion resistance improvement of commercial pure titanium via compression deformation induced substructure[J]. Corrosion Science，2024，229:111891.
[20] TONG Z，REN X，REN Y，et al. Effect of laser shock peening on microstructure and hot corrosion of TC11 alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2018，335:32-40.
[21] GUAN L，LI Y，WANG G，et al. pH dependent passivation behavior of niobium in acid fluoride-containing solutions[J]. Electrochimica Acta，2018，285:172-184.
[22] GE T，CHEN L，GU P，et al. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of TiC/Inconel 625 composite coatings by extreme high speed laser cladding[J]. Optics and Laser Technology，2022，150:107919.
[23] CHEN X，LI Y，ZHU Y，et al. Layer-by-layer corrosion behavior of 316LN stainless steel with a gradient-nanostructured surface[J]. Electrochemistry Communications，2020，110:106642.
[24] CUI Y W，CHEN L Y，CHU Y H，et al. Metastable pitting corrosion behavior and characteristics of passive film of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti-6Al-4V in NaCl solutions with different concentrations[J]. Corrosion Science，2023，215:111017.
[25] GAI X，BAI Y，LI J，et al. Electrochemical behaviour of passive film formed on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by electron beam melting[J]. Corrosion Science，2018，145:80-89.
[26] LU W，LIU Y，WU X，et al. Corrosion behavior and microstructural effects on passivation film mechanisms in forged Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy under laser surface remelting[J]. Corrosion Science，2024，241:112542.