A Sorting Method for Retired Batteries Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and the Kmeans Algorithm

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.283

Abstract

Abstract: To address the resource waste and environmental pollution caused by retired lithium-ion batteries, achieving second-life utilization through sorting and reuse technologies has emerged as a crucial strategy. Against this backdrop, we propose an effective novel scheme for sorting retired batteries. This scheme involves the disassembly of retired battery packs, battery testing, parameter selection based on correlation analysis, the FCE-KM sorting method that combines Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) and the K-means algorithm (KM), and the provision of effective suggestions for second-life utilization according to the sorting results. The results indicate that in the correlation analysis of parameters, the discharge capacity exhibits a strong and a moderate negative correlation with the open circuit voltage after discharge rest and the internal resistance during 5-10 s discharge, respectively. Moreover, there is a weak positive correlation between the open circuit voltage after discharge rest and the internal resistance during 5-10 s discharge. Compared with the exclusive use of FCE, the overall performance consistency of FCE-KM improves by 19%, which validates the effectiveness of this method. Finally, based on the distribution of batteries of different grades in retired battery packs that is related to the positions of the busbar, it is concluded that in the initial stage of collecting retired battery packs, they can be pre-classified according to the positions of the busbar. This pre-classification can simplify the collection process and improve efficiency, facilitating the subsequent second-life utilization.

Key words: dismantle retired battery pack, retired battery sorting, second-life utilization, correlation, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

CLC Number:

TM912

CHANG Long, DU Henghui, WANG Weibin, LI Changlong, YU Zhihao, DUAN Bin. A Sorting Method for Retired Batteries Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and the Kmeans Algorithm[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 283-292.

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