Adaptive Instantaneous Equivalent Energy Consumption Optimization of Jydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tram

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.06.226

Abstract

Abstract: The locomotive load of urban rail transit has the characteristics of wide spatial distribution, strong impact and strong pulsation. As a result, the ECMShas the problems of poor condition adaptability and robustness. Therefore, a new instantaneous optimization method of adaptive adjustment of equivalent energy factor is proposed. A three-dimensional transition probability matrix considering the time-varying speed, acceleration and road slope is constructed. The working condition sequence is obtained by Monte Carlo sampling method, and the error of instantaneous characteristic parameters is analyzed. The mathematical model of adaptive adjustment of equivalent energy factor with the SOC of lithium battery is deduced to correct the evaluation deviation of electric hydrogen energy conversion. Build a semi-active simulation platform for 300 kW tram power system, and apply the traditional ECMS strategy and state machine strategy online respectively. The results show that the transient error of the proposed method is less than 1.2 % and the steady-state error is less than 0.2 %, which is representative and universal for the high-precision deduction of the actual driving scene; The proposed energy management strategy solves the problems of large amount of calculation, high complexity of control structure, and has broad engineering application prospects.

Key words: fuel cell hybrid, adaptive equivalent consumption, construction of driving conditions, energy management

CLC Number:

TM91

GAO Fengyang, ZHANG Haoran. Adaptive Instantaneous Equivalent Energy Consumption Optimization of Jydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tram[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(6): 226-238.

References

[1] TALLA J,STREIT L,PEROUTKA Z,et al. Position- based T-S fuzzy power management for tram with energy storage system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics,2015,62(5):61-71.
[2] 高锋阳,张浩然,王文祥,等. 氢燃料电池有轨电车混合储能系统的节能运行优化[J]. 电工技术学报,2022,37(3):86-96. GAO Fengyang,ZHANG Haoran,WANG Wenxiang,et al. Energy-saving operation optimization of hydrogen cell tram hybrid energy storage system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2022,37(3):86-96.
[3] HU X,MURGOVSKI N,JOHANNESSON L M,et al. Comparison of three electrochemical energy buffers applied to a hybrid bus power train with simultaneous optimal sizing and energy management[J]. IEEE Transa-ctions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2014,15(3):193-205.
[4] SHEN J,DUSMEZ S,KHALIGH A. Optimization of sizing and battery cycle life in battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Inform-atics,2014,10(4):112-121.
[5] MESBAHI T,KHENFRI F,RIZOUG N,et al. Com-bined optimal sizing and control of Li-ion battery/supe-rcapacitor embedded power supply using hybrid particle swarm neldermead algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(1):59-73.
[6] HERRERA V,MILO A,GAZTA A H,et al. Adaptive energy management strategy and optimal sizing applied on a battery-supercapacitor based tramway[J]. Applied Energy,2016,69(1):31-45.
[7] WANG Y,YANG Z,FEI L. Optimization of energy management strategy and sizing in hybrid storage system for tram[J]. Energies,2018,11(4):52-69.
[8] 杨继斌,徐晓惠,彭忆强,等. 基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的储能式有轨电车复合电源参数优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报,2020,56(24):181-189. YANG Jibin,XU Xiaohui,PENG Yiqiang,et al. Parameter optimization design of hybrid power supply for energy storage trams based on NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2020,56(24):181-189.
[9] HU X,MURGOVSKI N,JOHANNESSON L M,et al. Optimal dimensioning and power management of a fuel cell/battery hybrid bus via convex programming[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mechatronic,2015,20(1):57-68.
[10] ZHANG S,XIONG R,CAO J. Battery durability and longevity based power management for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with hybrid energy storage system[J]. Applied Energy,2016,79(1):16-28.
[11] MURATA A,KUME Y,HASHIMOTO F. Application of catastrophe theory to forced vibration of a diaphragm air spring[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1987,12(1):31-44.
[12] CAIRANO D,BERNARDINI D, BEMPORAD A,et al. Stochastic MPC with learning for driver-predictive vehicle control and its application to HEV energy management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2014,22(3):18-31.
[13] CHEN J,SONG Q. A decentralized dynamic load power allocation strategy for fuel cell/supercapacitor-based APU of large more electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2019,66(2):65-75.
[14] WANG T,LI Q,LI Y,et al. Hydrogen consumption minimization method based on the online identification for multi-stack PEMFCs system[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2019,44(11):74-81.
[15] DENG H,HOU Y,WANG W. Lattice boltzmann simulation of liquid water transport inside and at interface of gas diffusion and micro-porous layers of PEM fuel cells[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,140(3):74-90.
[16] 高锋阳,张国恒,石岩,等. 新型城轨电车混合动力系统能量管理策略[J]. 铁道学报,2019,41(4):48-54. GAO Fengyang,ZHANG Guoheng,SHI Yan,et al. Energy management strategy of hybrid power system of new urban rail transit[J]. Railway Transaction,2019,41(4):48-54.
[17] SONG J,LIU W,PENG J,et al. Reconfigurable nonisolated DC-DC converter with fault-tolerant capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020,35(9):34-43.
[18] XU Q,ZHANG C,XU Z,et al. A composite finite-time controller for decentralized power sharing and stabilization of hybrid fuel cell/supercapacitor system with constant power load[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2021,68(2):88-100.
[19] 张少哲,戴海峰,袁浩,等. 质子交换膜燃料电池电化学阻抗谱敏感性研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2021,57(14):40-51. ZHANG Shaozhe,DAI Haifeng,YUAN Hao,et al. Study on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensit-ivity of proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2021,57(14):40-51.
[20] 周伟,朱鑫宁,连云崧,等. 质子交换膜燃料电池的三维流场技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报,2021,57(8):2-12. ZHOU Wei,ZHU Xinning,LIAN Yunsong,et al. Research progress of three-dimensional flow field technology of proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2021,57(8):2-12.
[21] 杨继斌,徐晓惠,张继业,等. 燃料电池有轨电车能量管理策略多目标优化[J]. 机械工程学报,2018,54(22):153-159. YANG Jibin,XU Xiaohui,ZHANG Jiye,et al. Multi-objective optimization of energy management strategy for fuel cell trams[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(22):153-159.
[22] 杨继斌,宋鹏云,张继业,等. 混合动力现代有轨电车仿真系统研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(18):161-168. YANG Jibin,SONG Pengyun,ZHANG Jiye,et al. Research on simulation system of hybrid modern tram[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(18):161-168.