高速开关阀电磁滞后特性研究及动态响应优化

doi:10.3901/JME.260504

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (10): 362-374.doi: 10.3901/JME.260504

• 交叉与前沿 • 上一篇

扫码分享

高速开关阀电磁滞后特性研究及动态响应优化

钟麒^1,2,3, 车洋洋^1,3, 徐恩光^1,3, 毛永鑫^1,3, 王军^1,4, 何贤剑^1,4, 杨华勇²

1. 浙江工业大学机械工程学院杭州 310023;
2. 浙江大学流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室杭州 310027;
3. 浙江工业大学特种装备制造与先进加工技术教育部重点实验室杭州 310023;
4. 浙江海宏液压科技股份有限公司台州 317000

收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-29
作者简介:钟麒(通信作者),男,1991年出生,博士,校聘教授。主要研究方向为数字液压技术、电液比例控制、液压元件与系统可编程控制技术。E-mail:zhongqi@zjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52575077，52005441)、浙江省‘领雁’研发攻关计划(2022C01132，2022C01122)、中国科协青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001)、浙江省属高校基本科研业务费(RF-A2023007)、机械系统与振动国家重点实验室开放基金课题(MSV202316)、浙江工业大学科技成果转化(GYY-ZH-2023075)和浙江省新苗人才计划(2024R403B068)资助项目。

Study of Electromagnetic Hysteresis Characteristic of High Speed on/off Valve and Optimization of Dynamic Response

ZHONG Qi^1,2,3, CHE Yangyang^1,3, XU Enguang^1,3, MAO Yongxin^1,3, WANG Jun^1,4, HE Xianjian^1,4, YANG Huayong²

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023;
2. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027;
3. Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023;
4. Zhejiang Haihong Hydraulic Technology Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000

Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速开关阀是数字液压系统的关键控制元件，需要快速响应启闭信号以实现数字液压系统的精准控制。然而，高速开关阀的启闭过程存在不可避免的电磁滞后，延长阀的启闭响应时间。为此，通过多物理场耦合分析及电流-电磁力检测试验，发现驱动电流与输出电磁力之间存在不可忽略且不同于常规B-H磁滞特性的滞后关系，揭示电流-电磁力之间的滞后规律。研究结果表明，磁滞和涡流会阻碍高速开关阀电-机械转换器的充磁和退磁，使得动态开启电流大于静态开启电流，动态关闭电流小于静态关闭电流。而且激励电压越大，动态启闭电流与静态启闭电流之间的差异越大，启闭响应时间越短；启闭初始磁通所产生的电磁力越接近临界启闭电磁力，可在减小动态启闭电流与静态启闭电流之间差异的同时，缩短启闭响应时间。基于此规律，在24 V开启电压和-24 V关闭电压激励下，通过调控开启和关闭阶段的初始电流使其临近静态临界开启电流值1.04 A和静态临界关闭电流值0.52 A，可使开启阶段内的动态开启电流从2.92 A降至2.70 A，并避免在电磁力下降至临界关闭电磁力前出现再充磁现象。基于以上结论所制定的控制策略，经样阀测试后，开启响应时间可达到0.28 ms；关闭响应时间可达到0.32 ms。

关键词: 高速开关阀, 耦合分析, 电磁滞后, 动态响应, 预加载

Abstract: High speed on/off valve(HSV) is a critical component in digital hydraulic system, requiring rapid response to switching signals for precise control of digital hydraulic system. However, its opening and closing process is inevitably affected by electromagnetic hysteresis, which prolongs the HSV’s response time. Through multi-physics coupling analysis and current-electromagnetic force experiments, a significant hysteresis relationship between driving current and output electromagnetic force, distinct from conventional B-H hysteresis, is found, and the hysteresis law between current-electromagnetic force is obtained. Results show that magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents hinder the magnetization and demagnetization processes of the electro-mechanical converter, causing the dynamic opening current to exceed the static opening current, and the dynamic closing current to fall below the static closing current. Additionally, larger excitation voltages result in greater differences between dynamic and static opening/closing currents but shorter response times. Furthermore, when the electromagnetic force generated by the initial flux of opening and closing gets closer to the critical opening and closing electromagnetic force, the difference between dynamic and static opening/closing currents is reduced, and the opening/closing response time is shortened. Under 24 V opening and -24 V closing voltages, regulating the initial current close to the static critical opening/closing current value of 1.04 A and 0.52 A, reduces the dynamic opening current from 2.92 A to 2.70 A, and prevents re-magnetization before the electromagnetic force decreases to the critical closing value. Based on the above conclusions, the developed control strategy can achieve a opening response time of 0.28 ms; and a closing response time of 0.32 ms after being tested on a sample valve.

Key words: high speed on/off valve, coupling analysis, electromagnetic hysteresis, dynamic performance, pre-excitation

中图分类号:

TH137

钟麒, 车洋洋, 徐恩光, 毛永鑫, 王军, 何贤剑, 杨华勇. 高速开关阀电磁滞后特性研究及动态响应优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(10): 362-374.

ZHONG Qi, CHE Yangyang, XU Enguang, MAO Yongxin, WANG Jun, HE Xianjian, YANG Huayong. Study of Electromagnetic Hysteresis Characteristic of High Speed on/off Valve and Optimization of Dynamic Response[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(10): 362-374.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260504

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I10/362

参考文献

[1] FANG Yu，SU Qi，DONG Pengpeng，et al. Optimizing multi-row cam roller bearing for long fatigue life of hydraulic motors[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，37(1)：90.
[2] 丁孺琦，王振，程敏，等. 基于模型控制的液压机械臂高精度轨迹跟踪[J]. 机械工程学报，2023，59(14)：298-309. DING Ruqi，WANG Zhen，CHENG Min，et al. Model-based control of the hydraulic manipulator for the high-precision trajectory tracking[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2023，59(14)：298-309.
[3] 丁孺琦，熊文杰，程敏，等. 智能化阀口独立电液控制系统安全性能评估[J]. 机械工程学报，2024，60(4)：101-112. DING Ruqi，XIONG Wenjie，CHENG Min，et al. Safety performance evaluation of the intelligent independent-metering electro-hydraulic control system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，60(4)：101-112.
[4] 张军辉，刘施镐，徐兵，等. 轴向柱塞泵智能化关键技术研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报，2024，60(4)：32-49. ZHANG Junhui，LIU Shigao，XU Bing，et al. Research status and development trends on intelligent key technology of the axial piston pump[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，60(4)：32-49.
[5] CHENG Min，SUN Bolin，DING Ruqi，et al. A multi-mode electronic load sensing control scheme with power limitation and pressure cut-off for mobile machinery[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2023，36(1)：29.
[6] LINJAMA M，LAAMANEN A，VILENIUS M. Is it time for digital hydraulics[C]//The Eighth Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power，May 7-9，2003，Tampere，Finland：SCIFP，2003：347-366.
[7] ZHANG Qiwei，KONG Xiangdong，YU Bin，et al. Review and development trend of digital hydraulic technology[J]. Applied Sciences，2020，10(2)：579.
[8] SCIATTI F，TAMBURRANO P，DISTASO E，et al. Digital hydraulic valves：Advancements in research[J]. Heliyon，2024，10(5)：e27264.
[9] GAO Qiang，WANG Jie，ZHU Yong，et al. Research status and prospects of control strategies for high speed on/off valves[J]. Processes，2023，11(1)：160.
[10] 钟麒，徐恩光，贾体伟，等. 高速开关阀驱动控制方法研究现状与展望[J].机械工程学报，2025，61(4)：290-301. ZHONG Qi，XU Enguang，JIA Tiwei，et al. Research status and prospect on the control method of high speed on/off valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2025，61(4)：290-301.
[11] ZHONG Qi，XU Enguang，XIE Geng，et al. Dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristic of a high-speed on/off valve based on pre-excitation control algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics，2023，36(10)：445-458.
[12] ZHONG Qi，LI Xiaotian，MAO Yongxin，et al. Switching frequency improvement of a high speed on/off valve based on pre-excitation control algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，37(1)：88.
[13] GAO Qiang ，ZHU Yuchuan，WU Changwen，et al. Identification of critical moving characteristics in high speed on/off valve based on time derivative of the coil current[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part I：Journal of Systems and Control Engineering，2021，235(7)：1084-1099.
[14] YUE Daling，LI Linfei，WEI Liejiang，et al. Effects of pulse voltage duration on open-close dynamic characteristics of solenoid screw-In cartridge valves[J]. Processes，2021，9(10)：1722.
[15] LEE I Y. Switching response improvement of a high speed on/off solenoid valve by using a 3 power source type valve driving circuit[C]//2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology，December 15-17，2006，New York：IEEE，2006：1823-1828.
[16] ZHONG Qi，XU Enguang，XIE Geng，et al. Dynamic performance and temperature rising characteristic of a high-speed on/off valve based on pre-excitation control algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics，2023，36(10)：445-458.
[17] DRUMEA A，MARGHESCU C I，BLEJAN M，et al. Improved electronic driver for fast-response on-off valves for digital hydraulics[C]//2022 IEEE 28th International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME)，October 26-29，New York：IEEE，2022：214-217.
[18] ZHANG Jianyu，LIU Peng，FAN Liyun，et al. Analysis on dynamic response characteristics of high-speed solenoid valve for electronic control fuel injection system[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering，2020，2020(1)：2803545.
[19] LIU Yang，GAO Tianxiong，DU Xinming，et al. Electromagnetic characteristics analysis and structure optimization of high-speed fuel solenoid valves[J]. Machines，2022，10(10)：964.
[20] ZHONG Qi，WANG Junxian，XU Enguang，et al. Multi-objective optimization of a high speed on/off valve for dynamic performance improvement and volume minimization[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics，2024，37(10)：435-444.
[21] HUANG N B，LIM O. Optimization of dynamic performance of a solenoid actuator in a CNG injector based on the effects of key design parameters[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology，2024：25(3)：639-649.
[22] 范玉，杨建国，贺玉海. 双复位弹簧高速电磁阀动态特性研究[J]. 内燃机工程，2021，42(4)：101-108. FAN Yu，YANG Jianguo，HE Yuhai. Dynamic characteristics of high speed solenoid valve with double return spring[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering，2021，42(4)：101-108.
[23] 赵劲松，张传笔，赵子宁，等. 高速开关数字阀的静动态特性[J]. 中国机械工程，2018，29(2)：145-150，157. ZHAO Jinsong，ZHANG Chuanbi，ZHAO Zining，et al. Static and dynamic characteristics of high-speed on-off digital valves[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2018，29(2)：145-150，157.
[24] 钟麒，何贤剑，李研彪，等. 自适应供油压力变化的高速开关阀控制策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(6)：224-235. ZHONG Qi，HE Xianjian，LI Yanbiao，et al. Research on control algorithm for high-speed on/off valves that adaptive to supply pressure changes[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(6)：224-235.
[25] YU Zhiqing，ZHAO Jianhui，WEI Rongqiang. Multi-objective cooperation optimization research on dynamic response and energy loss of high-speed solenoid valve for diesel engine injector[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics，2024(Preprint)：1-21.
[26] ZHAO Jianhui，ZIRKA S E，MOROZ Y I. Duality-derived models of high-speed electromagnetic valves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，2020，68(10)：9876-9884.
[27] 陈淑梅，陈绍荣，李启正，等. 多狭缝高速开关阀的电-机械转换器动态特性[J/OL]. 北京航空航天大学学报，1-17[2024-11-15]. CHEN Shumei，CHEN Shaorong，LI Qizheng，et al. Dynamic characteristics of electro-mechanical transducer with slits of high speed on/off valve[J/OL]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，1-17[2024-11-15].
[28] LIU Peng，ZHANG Ruqin，ZHAO Qing，et al. Eddy effect and dynamic response of high-speed solenoid valve with composite iron core[J]. Materials，2023，16(17)：5823.
[29] 李成亮，苏明. 磁性材料对高速电磁开关阀动静态特性影响的仿真研究[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2013，31(6)：85-91. LI Chengliang，SU Ming. Simulation sesearch on dynamic and static performance of high speed on-off solenoid valve consider the effect of magnetic materials[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences) ，2013，31(6)：85-91.
[30] CHEN Shumei，LI Qizheng，HUANG Hui，et al. Dynamic characteristics and energy consumption of electromechanical converter of high speed on/off valve under multiple motion cycles considering eddy current and hysteresis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics，2024，60(3)：1-2.
[31] LANTELA T，KOSTAMO J，KAJASTE J，et al. Analysis of the performance of fast acting miniature solenoid actuator for digital valves[C]//Proc. of the 9th International Fluid Power Conference. Modern Fluid Power-Challenges，Responsibilities，March 24-26，Markets，Aachen：IFK，2014：278-291.
[32] 范玉，杨建国，贺玉海. 衔铁打孔对高速电磁阀动态响应的影响[J]. 内燃机学报，2021，39(5)：472-479. FAN Yu，YANG Jianguo，HE Yuhai. Effect of armature punching on dynamic response of high-speed solenoid valve[J]. Transactions of CSICE，2021，39(5)：472-479.
[33] RILEY C P. Effect of magnetic hysteresis in solenoid valve operation[J]. Sensor Letters，2013，11(1)：9-12.
[34] ZHAO Jianhui，YUE Pengfei，WEI Kebiao. Eddy current effects on the dynamic response of high-speed solenoid valve for common rail injector[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics，2020，62(3)：607-618.
[35] RAMIREZ L E，ROES M G L，SAGUES C. Hybrid dynamical model for reluctance actuators including saturation，hysteresis，and eddy currents[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics，2019，24(3)：1396-1406.
[36] 钟麒，贾体伟，徐恩光，等. 基于振动特性的高速开关阀动态特性测试研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2025，61(6)：331-339. ZHONG Qi，JIA Tiwei，XU Enguang，et al. Test method for dynamic performance of high speed on/off valve based on vibration characteristic[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2025，61(6)：331-339.
[37] 钟麒，谢耿，汪谢乐，等. 多电压复合驱动的高速开关阀性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(4)：191-201. ZHONG Qi，XIE Geng，WANG Xiele，et al. Performance analysis of high speed on/off Valve by multi-voltages compound excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(4)：191-201.

高速开关阀电磁滞后特性研究及动态响应优化

Study of Electromagnetic Hysteresis Characteristic of High Speed on/off Valve and Optimization of Dynamic Response

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李东洁, 梁雨, 姚钢, 高伟达, 荣伟彬, 杨柳, 张宇. 脑胶质瘤放化疗微腔囊结构设计及其剂量分布与动态响应研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 405-417.
[2]	丁学刚, 杨利鑫, 李彦斌, 费庆国. 蜂窝夹芯吸波/透波结构的力热电性能匹配设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 342-354.
[3]	钟麒, 黄奕, 徐恩光, 王俊贤, 毛永鑫, 何贤剑, 王军, 杨华勇. 基于电流多阶导数特征的高速开关阀动态特性检测方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 366-376.
[4]	石文泽, 邵纬桑, 卢超, 张路根, 张琦, 刘远. 高温铝合金仅线圈式电磁超声检测方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 79-91.
[5]	钟麒, 贾体伟, 徐恩光, 余诚, 杨华勇, 李研彪. 基于振动特性的高速开关阀动态特性测试研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 331-339.
[6]	钟麒, 徐恩光, 贾体伟, 王俊贤, 杨华勇, 李研彪. 高速开关阀驱动控制方法研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(4): 290-301.
[7]	钟麒, 黄奕, 陈钊杭, 徐恩光, 王俊贤, 何贤剑, 王军, 李研彪, 杨华勇. 高速开关阀动态特性差异补偿方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 285-294.
[8]	葛明璇, 杨利鑫, 李彦斌, 费庆国. 点阵结构天线窗力热电性能表征与耦合分析方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 347-357.
[9]	孙瑞辉, 徐兵, 张军辉, 苏琦. 基于功率键合图的多路阀一阶灵敏度分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 414-426.
[10]	姚静, 杨帅, 殷航, 王运昌, 王文静, 丘铭军. 基于阀芯位移软测量的数字阀智能驱动方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(4): 155-166.
[11]	谭建军, 朱才朝, 李浩, 宋朝省, 董晔弘. 基础运动对漂浮式风电机组齿轮箱传动系统附加激励的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(1): 35-49.
[12]	张佐乾, 吴红飞, 杨帆, 杜益如, 余海涛, 刘越, 邢岩. 高峰均比脉冲功率独立电源系统关键技术研究综述^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(1): 43-55.
[13]	刘涛, 孙仁福, 韩炎, 赵丁选. 数字型液压变压器设计及其稳态特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(8): 266-273.
[14]	张国渊, 梁茂檀, 赵洋洋, 赵伟刚, 黎旭康. 低温轴承润滑模型及快速起动理论与试验[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(1): 162-171.
[15]	陈勇, 李金锴, 臧立彬, 刘意气, 毕旺洋, 杨小朋. 疲劳点蚀斜齿轮动力学仿真预测与故障识别试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(9): 61-70.