电驱冗余点式分离机构设计与分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提出了一种非火工冗余锁紧释放机构，并基于该机构设计了一种集成锁紧功能的小型电驱点式分离装置。首先，系统阐述了冗余分离装置的总体结构设计，包括关键部件的布置方案及设计参数的计算方法。随后，建立了锁紧释放机构的动力学模型，并开展系统性仿真分析，重点探讨扭簧刚度、电磁铁响应特性与扳机解锁时间之间的相互作用。研究结果为锁紧释放机构的优化设计提供了理论支持，同时为电磁铁型号选择、电压参数设定、扭簧匹配及材料选用等工程决策提供了可靠指导。此外，对所设计的分离装置进行了多项实验验证，包括整机分离试验、承载能力测试及可靠性试验。实验结果表明，该装置具有优良的分离性能和较高的可靠性，能够在复杂工况下稳定运行，满足非火工分离技术的应用要求。其非火工特性和机构冗余解锁能力不仅提升了操作安全性，还使其在航天、机械自动化及应急设备等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 非火工分离, 锁紧释放机构, 冗余驱动装置, 动力学仿真, 可靠性测试

Abstract: A non-pyrotechnic redundant locking and release mechanism is proposed in this paper. Based on this mechanism, a compact electrically actuated point-type separation device with integrated locking functionality is designed. First, the overall structural design of the redundant separation device is systematically elaborated, including the layout scheme of key components and the calculation method for design parameters. Subsequently, a dynamic model of the locking and release mechanism is established, followed by systematic simulation analysis. A focus is placed on the investigation of the interaction among torsion spring stiffness, electromagnet response characteristics, and trigger release time. The research results provide theoretical support for the optimized design of the locking and release mechanism, while reliable guidance is offered for engineering decisions such as electromagnet selection, voltage parameter setting, torsion spring matching, and material choice. Furthermore, the designed separation device is subjected to multiple experimental validations, including full-scale separation tests, load-bearing capacity tests, and reliability tests. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that the device exhibits excellent separation performance and high reliability. Stable operation is achieved under complex working conditions, and the application requirements of non-pyrotechnic separation technology are met. Its non-pyrotechnic nature and mechanically redundant unlocking capability not only enhance operational safety but also make it highly promising for applications in aerospace, mechanical automation, and emergency equipment fields.

Key words: non-pyrotechnic separation, locking and release mechanism, redundant drive device, dynamic simulation, reliability testing

中图分类号:

TH122

李龙, 周天送, 吕胜男, 于兵. 电驱冗余点式分离机构设计与分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 204-215.

LI Long, ZHOU Tiansong, Lü Shengnan, YU Bing. Design and Analysis of a Electric Drive Redundant Point-type Separation Device[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 204-215.

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