拖车悬架减振器阻尼特性对汽车拖车组合动态稳定性影响机理

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.213

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (20): 213-222.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.20.213

• 运载工程 • 上一篇

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拖车悬架减振器阻尼特性对汽车拖车组合动态稳定性影响机理

张宁¹, 王浩潭¹, 王智禹², 张钱辰¹, 王成³, 殷国栋¹, 李普¹

1. 东南大学机械工程学院南京 211189;
2. 中兴通讯股份有限公司南京 210012;
3. 赫瑞-瓦特大学工程与物理科学学院爱丁堡 EH14 4AS 英国

收稿日期:2025-03-12 修回日期:2025-07-31 发布日期:2025-12-03
作者简介:张宁，男，1985年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学及其控制、新能源与智能网联汽车。E-mail:nzhang_cn@seu.edu.cn
李普(通信作者)，男，1971年出生，博士、教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学及其控制、机械系统动力学。E-mail:seulp@seu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52572439,52072072)。

Influence Mechanism of Trailer Suspension Damping Characteristics on the Dynamic Stability of Car-trailer Combinations

ZHANG Ning¹, WANG Haotan¹, WANG Zhiyu², ZHANG Qianchen¹, WANG Cheng³, YIN Guodong¹, LI Pu¹

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189;
2. ZTE Corporation, Nanjing, 210012;
3. School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS U. K.

Received:2025-03-12 Revised:2025-07-31 Published:2025-12-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车辆系统动力学中对操纵稳定性的研究一般仅关注在水平面动力学中的稳态响应。主要关注汽车拖车组合系统这一种铰接式车辆的瞬态响应及其动态稳定性，探究拖车悬架减振器阻尼特性对系统动态稳定性的影响机理，旨在揭示这类车辆高速运动中潜在的复杂动力学耦合行为。首先，搭建包含侧倾运动的5自由度扩展单轨模型，在此基础上分析车辆系统的横摆阻尼比与动态临界车速。其次，从振动理论的角度揭示了拖车侧向运动与垂向运动的耦合机理，分析侧倾运动对横摆运动的影响。最后，通过仿真得到动态临界车速关于拖车减振器阻尼系数的变化曲线，验证了侧倾运动对汽车拖车组合系统动态临界车速的影响。仿真结果表明，在拖车减振器阻尼系数c₂从0.5 kN·s/m调整至6 kN·s/m时，随拖车减振器阻尼系数的增大，汽车拖车组合系统动态临界车速从122.2 km/h减小到121 km/h。为汽车拖车组合系统安全性设计提供了理论依据。

关键词: 汽车拖车组合系统, 铰接式车辆, 悬架减振器, 动态稳定性, 动力学耦合

Abstract: The study of handling stability in vehicle system dynamics generally focuses on the steady-state response in horizontal plane dynamics. The transient response and the dynamic stability of articulated vehicles is investigated in this research, with specific focus on the car trailer combination. The damping characteristics of shock absorber in trailer suspension is investigated to determined the impact on the dynamic stability of car trailer combination and the potential dynamics coupling behavior in high-speed maneuver is revealed. Firstly, a 5-DOF extended single track model incorporating roll dynamics is developed, and the yaw damping ratio and dynamic critical speed are analyzed on this basis. Secondly, the dynamics of the system is revealed based on the vibration theory, and the influence of the roll dynamics to the yaw dynamics is analyzed. Finally, a simulation was conducted to obtain the variation curve of the dynamic critical speed with respect to damping coefficient of the trailer suspension, which indicates the influence of roll dynamics on the dynamic stability of the car-trailer combination. The simulation results indicate that as the damping coefficient c₂ increases from 0.5 kNs/m to 6 kNs/m, the dynamic critical speed of decreases from 122.2 km/h to 121 km/h. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of trailer suspension to enhance the dynamic stability of the car trailer combination.

Key words: car-trailer combinations, articulated vehicle, suspension shock absorber, dynamic stability, dynamics coupling

中图分类号:

U461

张宁, 王浩潭, 王智禹, 张钱辰, 王成, 殷国栋, 李普. 拖车悬架减振器阻尼特性对汽车拖车组合动态稳定性影响机理[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 213-222.

ZHANG Ning, WANG Haotan, WANG Zhiyu, ZHANG Qianchen, WANG Cheng, YIN Guodong, LI Pu. Influence Mechanism of Trailer Suspension Damping Characteristics on the Dynamic Stability of Car-trailer Combinations[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 213-222.

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拖车悬架减振器阻尼特性对汽车拖车组合动态稳定性影响机理

Influence Mechanism of Trailer Suspension Damping Characteristics on the Dynamic Stability of Car-trailer Combinations

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