非线性输出频响函数在螺栓松动状态监测的应用研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.17.124

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 航天器在振动试验过程中容易发生螺栓松动故障，如果未能及时发现，螺栓松动故障加剧可能导致航天器发生不可修复的损坏。基于航天器振动试验行业标准，目前工程上普遍通过固有频率的变化来对航天器振动试验过程中进行状态监测，然而线性的动力学特性对早期螺栓松动故障并不灵敏。为了更灵敏地航天器振动试验过程中的螺栓松动故障进行状态监测，提出了基于非线性输出频响函数(Nonlinear output frequency response function，NOFRF)的螺栓松动状态监测方法，该方法使用数据驱动建模理论和广义相关线性方程(Generalized associated linear equations，GALE)方法辨识NOFRF，并通过蒙特卡洛方法量化噪声对NOFRF辨识带来的不确定性。最后，通过实验的方法验证了该方法比传统振动试验状态监测方法对早期的螺栓松动更加灵敏，可以更加有效地对航天器早期螺栓松动进行状态监测。

关键词: 振动试验, 螺栓松动, 状态监测, 非线性输出频响函数, 不确定性

Abstract: Bolt joints in spacecraft are prone to loosening during vibration tests. If bolt joints loosening are not detected promptly, it may lead to irreparable damage to the spacecraft. Currently, according to industry standards, in engineer, condition monitoring of spacecraft during vibration tests is commonly by observing changes in natural frequencies. However, the linear dynamic characteristics are not sensitive enough to detect early bolt loosening. To enhance the sensitivity of condition monitoring during vibration tests, this study develops a method based on the nonlinear output frequency response function (NOFRF) for detecting bolt joints loosening. This method employs data-driven modeling theory and the generalized associated linear equations (GALE) approach to identify NOFRF, and quantifies the uncertainty caused by noise in the NOFRF identification process by using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, experimental validation demonstrates that this method is more sensitive to early bolt loosening than traditional vibration test condition monitoring methods, thereby enabling more effective early detection of bolt loosening in spacecraft.

Key words: vibration test, bolt joints loosening, condition monitoring, NOFRF, uncertainty

中图分类号:

N945

于长帅, 骆海涛, 罗忠, 何凤霞. 非线性输出频响函数在螺栓松动状态监测的应用研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(17): 124-136.

YU Changshuai, LUO Haitao, LUO Zhong, HE Fengxia. NOFRF Application Research in Bolt Joints Loosening Detection[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(17): 124-136.

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