湿热老化后CFRP力学性能的细观表征方法

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.08.107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fibre reinforced polymer, CFRP)因其高比强度、高比模量、低热膨胀系数以及较好的结构稳定性，被广泛应用在航空航天、海洋工程、汽车工业等相关领域。但在CFRP结构的长期服役过程中，湿热环境会造成CFRP材料的老化，对结构耐久性和可靠性产生显著影响。提出一种基于纳米压痕试验的CFRP力学性能表征方法。通过对湿热老化后的CFRP试件截面开展纳米压痕测试，获得了细观尺度下CFRP基体在不同吸湿状态下的力学性能分布规律。发现局部吸湿浓度越高，模量和硬度越低。进一步，将代表性体积单胞(Representative volume element, RVE)模型仿真与纳米压痕试验获得的弹性模量进行对比，验证了该试验方法的有效性，为CFRP多尺度模型材料参数提供了细观尺度的有效表征方法。该方法还适用于其他类型复合材料的细观尺度表征。

关键词: 复合材料, 湿热老化, 纳米压痕, 约化模量, 多尺度建模

Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced polymer(CFRP) is widely used in aerospace, marine engineering, automobile industries, due to its outstanding mechanical properties including high specific strength, high specific modulus, low thermal expansion coefficient and good structural stability. However, during the long-term service period of CFRP structures, CFRP materials can be degraded due to the existence of hot and humid environment, which leads to significant impact on the reliability and durability of the structure. A nanoindentation-based experimental method is proposed to characterise the mechanical properties of CFRP. The cross section of hygrothermally-aged CFRP was tested under nanoindentation, and the mesoscale modulus and hardness of CFRP matrix with different moisture concentrations are obtained. It is found that higher moisture concentration leads to lower residual mechanical property. Furthermore, the elastic modulus derived from representative volume element(RVE) simulation and obtained from nanoindentation testing are compared, proving the validity of the experimental method proposed. The presented mesoscale characterisation can thus provide reliable material parameters for multiscale modelling of CFRP. It is also suitable for the characterization of many other composite materials at the microscale.

Key words: composites, hygrothermal ageing, nanoindentation, reduced modulus, multiscale modelling

中图分类号:

TH114

张家豪, 韩啸, 张宇翔, 马建立, 吴承伟, 郭杏林. 湿热老化后CFRP力学性能的细观表征方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(8): 107-115.

ZHANG Jiahao, HAN Xiao, ZHANG Yuxiang, MA Jianli, WU Chengwei, GUO Xinglin. Mesoscale Characterisation on the Mechanical Properties of CFRP after Hygrothermal Ageing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(8): 107-115.

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