激光熔化沉积TiC/TC4功能梯度材料微观组织与拉伸性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.19.356

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 功能梯度材料(Functionally graded material，FGM)具有定制的化学成分或微观结构，使其能满足多维苛刻环境下的服役需求，可应用于航天零部件、发动机涡轮叶片等零部件。激光熔化沉积工艺(Laser melting deposition，LMD)通过粉末供给进行逐层熔化凝固制造，是一种动态混合多种材料从而改变三维体积内微观结构的新方法。基于LMD工艺制备TiC陶瓷和TC4钛合金功能梯度材料，并采用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射和拉伸试验对微观组织和力学性能进行表征。结果表明：不同梯度层的物相组成均为TiC、α-Ti和β-Ti，物相种类随TiC含量变化不大。FGM从顶部至底部TiC的形态依次为粗大的枝状晶+未熔TiC、颗粒状初生TiC+不发达枝状晶、链状TiC+颗粒状TiC+短棒TiC。随着梯度的增加，FGM的强度先变高再变低，而断后伸长率一直呈下降趋势，裂纹优先在枝状晶和未溶TiC相中形成并扩展。原位生成的TiC对提高材料强度具有更大的贡献，强化机制以细晶强化和载荷传递强化为主。

关键词: 功能梯度材料, 激光熔化沉积, 金属/陶瓷, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Functionally graded material (FGM), which have customized chemical composition or microstructure, are capable of meeting the service requirements in multidimensional harsh environments.Therefore, it can be applied in components such as aerospace parts and engine turbine blades.The laser melting deposition (LMD) process, which uses powder feed to melt and solidify layer by layer, is a novel method to dynamically mix multiple materials and change the microstructure within the three-dimensional volume.TiC / TC4 FGM were prepared using the LMD process, and the microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and tensile tests.The results shows that the phase compositions of different gradient layers were TiC, α-Ti, and β-Ti, and the types of phases did not change significantly with the TiC content.The morphology of TiC in the FGM changes from coarse dendritic crystals + unmelted TiC at the top to granular nascent TiC + undeveloped dendritic crystals, chain-like TiC + granular-like TiC + rod-like TiC at the bottom.With the increase in gradient, the strength of the FGM initially increases and then decreases, while the elongation at fracture continuously decreases.Cracks preferentially form and propagate in the dendritic grains and undissolved TiC phases.The in-situ TiC makes a greater contribution to improving the strength of the material, and the strengthening mechanisms are mainly grain boundary strengthening and load transfer strengthening.

Key words: functional gradient material, laser melting deposition, metal/ceramic, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TN249

张家豪, 王磊磊, 张彦霄, 黎一帆, 王晓明, 占小红. 激光熔化沉积TiC/TC4功能梯度材料微观组织与拉伸性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(19): 356-366.

ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Leilei, ZHANG Yanxiao, LI Yifan, WANG Xiaoming, ZHAN Xiaohong. Study on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of TiC/TC4 Functionally Gradient Materials by Laser Melting Deposition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(19): 356-366.

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