基于不对称流动阻力的热二极管设计及传热性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.18.208

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统热管的传热方向取决于热管的温度梯度，特别是当冷凝段温度高于蒸发段温度时，热量将会从冷凝段转移到蒸发段，从而导致电子元件过热。在此背景下，设计具有不对称浸润微结构热二极管，并采用激光蚀刻方法在硅片上加工出该微结构作为热管吸液芯，由于液体在微结构作用下受到不对称的流动阻力，使得液体能在热管内部的微结构通道单向输运，从而可以实现长距离的单向传热过程。通过理论分析方法，对二维微结构表面的不对称流动阻力进行计算，分析热二极管正反向的传热机理。通过改变操作参数的方法，试验研究并重点分析加热功率、充液率和倾斜角对正反向传热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，当热二极管的充液率为16.7%，加热功率在3～5 W时其单向传热性能较好，在4 W时正反向的热阻比可达到4倍。所提出的基于不对称流动阻力的热二极管的设计与制造方法，为单向传热散热器件的研究提供新思路。

关键词: 热二极管, 仿生设计, 不对称微结构, 传热性能

Abstract: The heat transfer direction of traditional heat pipe depends on the temperature gradient. When the temperature of condenser is higher than that of the evaporator, heat will be transferred from the original condenser to the original evaporator, leading to the overheating of electronic component. To solve this problem, a novel thermal diode based on asymmetric wetting microstructure, which can realize the unidirectional heat transfer with a long distance due to the unidirectional fluid transport induced by the asymmetric flow resistance, is proposed. The asymmetric wetting microstructure is fabricated by the laser etching method. The asymmetric flow resistance is calculated and the heat transfer mechanism along the forward and reversed directions is analyzed. The effect of heating power, filling ratio and inclined angle on the thermal performance of thermal diode is experimental investigated. Results show that when the filling ratio is 16.7% and the heating power is in the range of 3W -5W, the unidirectional heat transfer performance is relative good. When the heating power is 4W, the reversed thermal resistance of proposed thermal diode can reach 4 times as the forward thermal resistance. This contribution designs a thermal diode based on the asymmetric flow resistance, which can provide a new strategy for the study of unidirectional heat transfer/dissipation devices.

Key words: thermal diode, bionic design, asymmetric microstructure, thermal performance

中图分类号:

TK172

黄家乐, 李萍, 邓亮明, 陈志鹏, 周伟, 向建化. 基于不对称流动阻力的热二极管设计及传热性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(18): 208-217.

HUANG Jiale, LI Ping, DENG Liangming, CHEN Zhipeng, ZHOU Wei, XIANG Jianhua. Design and Thermal Performance Investigation of Thermal Diode Based on the Asymmetric Flow Resistance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(18): 208-217.

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