垂向振动对电弧增材制造碳钢的形貌、组织及性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.11.342

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究电弧增材制造技术上舰制造的可行性，将电弧增材制造设备置于振动平台上，并利用正弦振动模拟舰船振动环境，进行ER50-6碳钢沉积实验，研究大型舰船常见的振动范围(频率为5～25 Hz)内，垂向振动对电弧增材制造设备振动特性及成形件形貌、组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明，受到外部垂向振动的影响，电弧增材制造设备的焊枪和基板会发生差异性地振动，从而导致成形过程中电弧和熔池不稳定、熔滴发生偏离、传热凝固行为改变，使得电弧增材制造成形件的形貌、组织和性能发生变化。无振动成形试样平均晶粒尺寸为7.46 μm，抗拉强度、下屈服强度和延伸率分别为495 MPa、370 MPa和29.87%；与之相比，不同振动工况下成形试样的平均晶粒尺寸在5.71 μm到8.53 μm之间，抗拉强度490～500 MPa，屈服强度370～385 MPa，延伸率29.17%～34.57%，所有顺利成形的试样均能满足性能要求；但有些振动会导致成形件外观形貌恶化甚至无法顺利成形，从而达不到生产制造要求，这是未来实现电弧增材制造上舰制造需解决的最大难题。

关键词: 舰船, 电弧增材制造, 振动, 碳钢, 形貌, 性能

Abstract: To explore the feasibility of using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to form and repair marine components during ship navigation, WAAM equipment was placed on a vibration platform, and the sinusoidal frequency conversion vibrations were used to simulate the ship vibration environment. Thereafter, this study conducted the deposition experiment of ER50-6 carbon steel to investigate the interference of vertical vibrations ranging within 5-25 Hz on the WAAM equipment and the influence of vibration on the morphology, microstructure and properties of the formed parts. The results revealed that the WAAM equipment vibrated with the external environment of vibrations, and the welding gun and base plate produced dissimilar vibrations led to the instability of the arc and the molten pool, the deviation of the droplet, and the change of the heat transfer and solidification behavior during the forming process, causing the changes in the morphology, microstructure and properties of the formed parts. The average grain size of the sample formed without vibration is 7.46 μm, and the tensile strength, lower yield strength and elongation are 495 MPa, 370 MPa, and 29.87%, respectively. In contrast, the average grain size, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the samples under different vibration conditions are 5.71 μm to 8.53 μm, 490-500 MPa, 370-385 MPa, 29.17%-34.57%, respectively. In general, all successfully formed parts could meet the performance requirements. However, some vibrations caused the morphology of the formed samples to deteriorate or even failed to form smoothly, thus failing to meet the production and manufacturing requirements, which is the biggest problem to be solved in the future to realize wire arc additive manufacturing on board.

Key words: ship, wire arc additive manufacturing, vibration, steel, morphology, properties

中图分类号:

TG156

石学智, 蔡成恒, 李振华. 垂向振动对电弧增材制造碳钢的形貌、组织及性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(11): 342-352.

SHI Xuezhi, CAI Chengheng, LI Zhenhua. Effect of Vertical Vibration on Morphology, Microstructure and Properties of Carbon Steel Produced by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(11): 342-352.

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