水声吸声尖劈的低频吸声特性及其背衬影响规律

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.05.142

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水声探测技术的低频化发展对水声吸声尖劈(Underwater sound-absorbing wedge, USAW)的低频吸声性能提升提出了迫切需求。以侧重低频吸声性能的视角，从建模分析方法、低宽频吸声特性和背衬影响规律三个方面入手，重新审视水声吸声尖劈的低宽频吸声特性。首先，基于分层等效-传递矩阵方法，建立了背衬输入阻抗与吸声尖劈总输入阻抗之间的解析关系，指出了背衬条件对吸声尖劈吸声性能影响的必然性，并发现传统建模方法忽略基体材料的剪切效应对表征吸声尖劈的吸声性能影响非常小，而忽略排布间隙水域则会高估其低频吸声性能。然后，系统比较吸声尖劈和吸声平板的吸声特性差异发现，若仅关注低频吸声性能，吸声尖劈并不比等厚度的吸声平板更优，其优势主要体现在兼顾低频和宽带吸声设计方面。最后，深入比较吸声尖劈在几种典型背衬下的吸声特性表明，不同背衬条件对吸声尖劈的低频吸声性能影响显著，并进一步阐释了相关影响机理。

关键词: 水声吸声尖劈, 低频, 输入阻抗, 边界效应

Abstract: As the low-frequency development of underwater acoustic detection technology, an urgent need to improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance of underwater sound-absorbing wedge (USAW) has been proposed. From modeling analysis method, low-frequency and broadband sound absorption characteristics and backing effects, the low-frequency and broadband sound absorption characteristics of the USAW are re-examined. Based on a layered-then-equivalent, transfer matrix method, the analytical relationship between the backing input impedance and the total input impedance of the USAW is firstly established, the inevitability of the backing effect on the sound absorption performance of the USAW is pointed out. A calculation error analysis shows that ignoring the shear effect of the matrix material has very little influence on the sound absorption performance of the USAW, while ignoring the water area between the arrangement gap will overestimate its low-frequency sound absorption performance. Then, by systematically comparing the difference of the sound absorption characteristics of the USAW and the sound-absorbing plate, it is found that if only focusing on the low frequency sound absorption performance, the USAW is not better than the sound-absorbing plate of the same thickness, the advantage of the USAW is mainly reflected in the balance design of low-frequency and broadband sound absorption curve. Finally, a thorough comparison of the sound absorption characteristics of the USAW under several typical backings shows that different boundary conditions have a significant impact on the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the sound absorption wedge, then the relevant mechanism is further explained.

Key words: underwater sound-absorbing wedge, low frequency, input impedance, boundary effect

中图分类号:

TB53

钟杰, 管峰, 杨海滨, 赵宏刚, 温激鸿. 水声吸声尖劈的低频吸声特性及其背衬影响规律[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(5): 142-156.

ZHONG Jie, GUAN Feng, YANG Haibin, ZHAO Honggang, WEN Jihong. Low-frequency Sound Absorption Characteristics and Backing Effects of Underwater Sound-absorbing Wedge[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(5): 142-156.

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