高速超声振动切削钛合金可行性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2017.19.120

机械工程学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (19): 120-127.doi: 10.3901/JME.2017.19.120

• 特邀专栏：超声加工技术 • 上一篇下一篇

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高速超声振动切削钛合金可行性研究

张翔宇¹, 隋翯¹, 张德远¹, 姜兴刚¹, 吴瑞彪²

1. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院北京 100191;
2. 中航工业哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司哈尔滨 150066

收稿日期:2017-01-24 修回日期:2017-05-22 出版日期:2017-10-05 发布日期:2017-10-05
通讯作者: 张德远(通信作者),男,1963年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为振动切削加工,仿生生物制造,E-mail:zhangdy@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:张翔宇,男,1990年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为振动切削加工,E-mail:aquilani@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
2012年黑龙江省高新技术领域应用技术研究资助项目（GA12A402）。

Feasibility Study of High-speed Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Titanium Alloy

ZHANG Xiangyu¹, SUI He¹, ZHANG Deyuan¹, JIANG Xinggang¹, WU Ruibiao²

1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
2. AVIC Harbin Dong An Engine(GROUP) Co., Ltd., Harbin 150066

Received:2017-01-24 Revised:2017-05-22 Online:2017-10-05 Published:2017-10-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钛合金由于其出色的机械性能广泛的应用于航空航天结构组件中。但较低的机械加工性使得钛合金切削速度低，即使在使用先进的切削刀具时，也因切削高温而难以进行高速切削加工。断续切削是一种有效地降低切削温度和改善切削质量的方法，作为典型的断续切削方法，传统超声振动切削（Traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting，UVC）和椭圆超声振动切削（elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting，EUVC）已取得了显著的加工优势。但振动切削临界速度限制了它们的应用仅在低速切削场合。因此一种新的超声振动切削方法被提出，即高速超声振动切削（High-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting，HUVC），此时刀具的振动方向与进给方向平行。当切削速度远远超过UVC和EUVC方法的临界速度时，刀具和工件依旧可以在一定的条件下实现分离。从而HUVC方法实现了宏观上的高速切削和微观上的断续切削，提升了钛合金的切削加工性。首先，HUVC方法的原理在文中给出，随后通过一系列使用普通切削（Conventional cutting CC）方法和HUVC方法的高速切削Ti-6Al-4V合金的对比试验来验证HUVC方法的可行性。试验结果表明，因刀具磨损的显著下降，HUVC方法的刀具寿命可最大提升300%。此外，相比CC方法，HUVC方法的切削效率可以显著提升90%，切削力最大下降50%并在连续的切削加工过程中获得更佳的表面质量。

关键词: 超声振动切削, 断续切削, 高速切削, 钛合金

Abstract: For a series of unique properties, titanium alloy is widely applied in aviation and aerospace fields. However, the poor machinability makes high-speed machining titanium alloy hardly perform as expected even with advanced tool materials due to the high cutting temperature. Intermittent cutting could be an effective method to decrease the cutting temperature and improve the cutting performance. As typical intermittent cutting methods, traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC) and elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting (EUVC) is achieved significant advancements. However, the critical cutting speed confines them to the field of low speed machining. A new type of ultrasonic vibration cutting is proposed, i.e. high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting (HUVC), in which the vibration is always along with the feed direction. The separation of the tool and workpiece can be realized under some certain conditions although the cutting speed exceeds far away from the critical speed of the traditional UVC and EUVC methods. As a consequence, it realized high speed cutting on a macro level and intermittent cutting in the micro, and improved the machinability of titanium alloy. Firstly, a model of HUVC process was established. Then the feasibility of HUVC method for cutting Ti-6Al-4V is verified experimentally compared with conventional cutting (CC) and traditional ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC). The results demonstrated that tool life in HUVC are extended by 300% in an optimal situation due to the significantly tool wear reduction. Besides, the cutting efficiency is increased by 90% and cutting force is reduced up to 50% obviously compared with CC method. Furthermore, better surface roughness improvement in a successive cutting process are also achieved.

Key words: high-speed machining, intermittent cutting, titanium alloy, ultrasonic vibration cutting

中图分类号:

TH16

张翔宇, 隋翯, 张德远, 姜兴刚, 吴瑞彪. 高速超声振动切削钛合金可行性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(19): 120-127.

ZHANG Xiangyu, SUI He, ZHANG Deyuan, JIANG Xinggang, WU Ruibiao. Feasibility Study of High-speed Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(19): 120-127.

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高速超声振动切削钛合金可行性研究

Feasibility Study of High-speed Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Titanium Alloy

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