水液压柱塞泵间隙密封技术研究现状及展望

doi:10.3901/JME.260331

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水液压柱塞泵作为液压系统的核心动力元件，其性能直接决定整个系统的运行效率与工作可靠性。相较于传统密封形式，间隙密封技术因无需动密封件而在高速工况下展现出显著优势。为解决高压水液压柱塞泵面临的摩擦磨损与使用寿命等关键问题提供了有效途径。基于间隙密封技术挑战、流动理论与建模方法研究、关键技术与工程应用三个方面综述了国内外间隙密封的研究现状，通过间隙密封结构形式、材料应用以及参数调控等方面深入剖析了间隙密封的关键技术。最后，从性能精确预测方法、结构创新设计、基于数据驱动的状态监测三个方向展望了间隙密封的高性能化与可预测化发展趋势。本研究旨在为水液压柱塞泵间隙密封技术的进一步发展提供理论参考，推动液压传动系统向更高效、更可靠的方向发展。

关键词: 间隙密封, 高压柱塞泵, 多物理场耦合, 状态监测, 物理信息神经网络

Abstract: As the core power unit in hydraulic systems, the water hydraulic piston pump plays a decisive role in the overall system efficiency and operational reliability. Compared with traditional sealing methods, clearance sealing technology demonstrates notable advantages under high-speed operating conditions, as it eliminates the need for dynamic sealing elements. This offers an effective solution to key challenges faced by high-pressure water hydraulic piston pumps, such as friction, wear, and limited service life. This study reviews domestic and international research on clearance sealing from three perspectives: technical challenges, flow theory and modeling methods, and key technologies along with their engineering applications. It provides a detailed analysis of critical aspects including clearance flow theory, modeling approaches, structural configurations, material selection, and parameter optimization. Finally, the study outlines future trends toward high performance and predictability in clearance sealing, focusing on three key directions: accurate performance prediction methods, innovative structural design, and data-driven condition monitoring. The aim of this work is to offer a theoretical reference for the further development of clearance sealing technology in water hydraulic piston pumps and to contribute to the advancement of hydraulic transmission systems toward greater efficiency and reliability.

Key words: clearance seal, high-pressure plunger pump, multiphysics coupling, condition monitoring, physics-informed neural network

中图分类号:

TG156

赵申诞, 吴德发, 金玉柱, 谭家龙, 汤何胜, 任燕, 刘银水. 水液压柱塞泵间隙密封技术研究现状及展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(15): 278-290.

ZHAO Shendan, WU Defa, JIN Yuzhu, TAN Jialong, TANG Hesheng, REN Yan, LIU Yinshui. Research Status and Prospects of Clearance Sealing Technology in Water Hydraulic Plunger Pumps[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(15): 278-290.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260331

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I15/278

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