橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆特性及失效概率分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260467

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (12): 425-442.doi: 10.3901/JME.260467

• 交叉与前沿 • 上一篇

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橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆特性及失效概率分析

倪华近¹, 杨欣旺¹, 鄢雨濛¹, 梁涛涛², 聂宏^1,3,4, 魏小辉^1,3,5, 印寅^1,3,5

1. 南京航空航天大学航空学院南京 210016;
2. 南京航空航天大学通用航空与飞行学院溧阳 213300;
3. 南京航空航天大学飞行器先进设计技术国防重点学科实验室南京 210016;
4. 南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室南京 210016;
5. 南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室南京 210016

收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-12-16 发布日期:2026-08-03
作者简介:倪华近，女，1991年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为飞机起落装置设计。E-mail:nihuajin08@126.com
聂宏(通信作者)，男，1960年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为飞机起落装置设计。E-mail:hnie@nuaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52302453，52275114)、航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室(南京航空航天大学)自主研究课题(MCAS-I-0224G03)、南京航空航天大学前瞻布局科研专项资金(1001-ILB23008)、中央高校基本科研业务费(1001-XIA25004)、江苏省卓越博士后计划和国防基础科研计划(JCKY2024605C001)资助项目。

Analysis of Symmetric Landing Characteristics and Failure Probability of Ski-type Helicopter on Snow-covered Pavemnt

NI Huajin¹, YANG Xinwang¹, YAN Yumeng¹, LIANG Taotao², NIE Hong^1,3,4, WEI Xiaohui^1,3,5, YIN Yin^1,3,5

1. College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016;
2. College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Liyang 213300;
3. Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defense-Advanced Design Technology of Flight Vehicle, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016;
4. National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016;
5. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016

Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-12-16 Published:2026-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 橇式起落装置能够有效支撑飞行器在积雪道面上安全着陆，具有不可替代的应用价值。由于触地组件和道面特性均与常规起落装置存在本质差异，既有起落装置的研究成果难以用于分析橇式飞行器的雪地运动特性。针对橇式飞行器雪地运动研究匮乏的问题，系统开展了橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆运动特性分析及失效概率评估。首先，基于有限元仿真结果修正传统Gonthier接触力公式，提出橇式起落装置地面动态受载模型；其次，构建橇式直升机着陆滑跑非线性动力学模型，分析不同运动状态参数对直升机对称着陆特性的影响规律；最后，基于支持向量机方法完成了橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆失效概率的计算与分析。研究结果表明：直升机在积雪道面着陆滑行时，橇板所受的航向推雪阻力将对机体质心产生较大低头力矩，致使地面垂向受载向前方主起落架转移；直升机着陆动态过程中的最小俯仰角随着航向速度以及俯仰角的增大逐渐减小；与此同时，直升机的着陆失效概率随着航向速度的增大快速上升，当航向速度大于8.5 m/s时，着陆失效概率高于1×10^-5。

关键词: 橇式直升机, 积雪道面, 对称着陆特性, 失效概率分析

Abstract: The ski-type landing gear can effectively support aircraft for safe landing on snow-covered pavement and has irreplaceable application value. Due to the essential differences in both ground contact components and pavement characteristics compared with conventional landing gear, existing research findings on conventional landing gear are difficult to apply to the analysis of the snow surface motion characteristics of ski-type aircraft. To address the lack of research on the snow surface motion of ski-type aircraft, a systematic analysis of the symmetric landing motion characteristics and a failure probability assessment of ski-type helicopters on snow-covered pavement are conducted. Firstly, based on the finite element simulation results, the traditional Gonthier contact force formula is modified, and a dynamic ground load model for ski-type landing gear is proposed. Secondly, a nonlinear dynamic model for the landing and taxiing of ski-type helicopters is established to analyze the influence laws of different motion state parameters on the symmetric landing characteristics of helicopters. Finally, the calculation and analysis of the symmetric landing failure probability of ski-type helicopters on snow-covered pavement are completed based on the support vector machine method. The research results show that, when a helicopter lands and taxis on a snow-covered pavement, the heading snow-pushing resistance on the skis generates a large nose-down moment on the aircraft's center of mass, causing the vertical ground load to transfer to the front main landing gear. The minimum pitch angle during the dynamic landing process of the helicopter decreases gradually with the increase of heading speed and pitch angle. At the same time, the landing failure probability of the helicopter increases rapidly with the increase of heading speed, and when the heading speed exceeds 8.5 m/s, the landing failure probability is higher than 1×10^-5.

Key words: ski-type helicopter, snow-covered pavement, symmetric landing characteristics, failure probability analysis

中图分类号:

V226

倪华近, 杨欣旺, 鄢雨濛, 梁涛涛, 聂宏, 魏小辉, 印寅. 橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆特性及失效概率分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(12): 425-442.

NI Huajin, YANG Xinwang, YAN Yumeng, LIANG Taotao, NIE Hong, WEI Xiaohui, YIN Yin. Analysis of Symmetric Landing Characteristics and Failure Probability of Ski-type Helicopter on Snow-covered Pavemnt[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 425-442.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I12/425

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橇式直升机积雪道面对称着陆特性及失效概率分析

Analysis of Symmetric Landing Characteristics and Failure Probability of Ski-type Helicopter on Snow-covered Pavemnt

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