高负荷涡轮叶顶设计及结构参数对气热性能的影响机制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.08.283

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为改善高负荷涡轮动叶叶顶气热性能，且针对级环境复杂工况下叶顶设计参数的影响机制不清晰，提出涡轮动叶叶顶新型设计，并在级环境下开展不同叶顶构型设计的气热性能研究，同时深入分析关键构型参数对气热性能的影响机制。具体研究如下：首先，建立凹槽叶顶压力面侧垂直肩壁构型(Shelf叶顶)与倾斜肩壁构型(Incline叶顶)两种叶顶构型设计。其次，详细的气热分析表明，相较于传统的凹槽叶顶设计，Shelf叶顶的泄漏量与主流的质量流量比相对增加9.24%，气动效率下降0.106%，平均换热系数略有增大；Incline叶顶的泄漏量与主流的质量流量比相对减小6.73%，效率增加0.155%，且总平均换热系数相对降低3.90%。进一步，探究关键叶顶构型参数知，增加叶顶凹槽深度均会改善两种构型叶顶的气动性能，但对两种构型叶顶的换热性能影响不一致；而增加构型平台的宽度，仅会改善Incline构型叶顶的气热性能。综上，构建了高负荷涡轮叶顶新构型设计，揭示了新构型下凹槽深度、构型平台宽度与叶顶气热性能的交互影响机制，为改善叶顶气热性能指明了优化方向。

关键词: 高负荷涡轮, 动叶叶顶, 结构参数, 性能, 换热系数

Abstract: To enhance the aerothermal performance of the high-load turbine blade tip and clarify the unclear mechanisms of tip design parameters under complex conditions of the stage environment，a novel design for the rotor blade tip is proposed and a study on the aerodynamic and thermal performance of different blade tips is conducted in a stage environment. It also provides a depth analysis of the mechanisms by which key configuration parameters of the blade tip influence its aerodynamic and thermal performance. The specific researches are as follows: First，two blade tip configurations were established: a vertical shoulder wall design on the pressure side of the squealer tip (Shelf tip) and an inclined shoulder wall design (Incline tip). Secondly，detailed aerodynamic and thermal analyses indicate that compared to the traditional squealer tip design，the Shelf tip shows a 9.24% relative increase in the leakage to mainstream mass flow ratio，a 0.106% reduction in aerodynamic efficiency，and a slight increase in the average heat transfer coefficient. In contrast，the Incline tip reduces the leakage to mainstream mass flow ratio by 6.73%，improves efficiency by 0.155%，and relatively reduced the overall average heat transfer coefficient by 3.90%. Furthermore，investigations into key blade tip configuration parameters revealed that increasing the cavity depth of the blade tip improve the aerodynamic performance for both configurations，but had inconsistent effects on the heat transfer performance. Additionally，increasing the platform width of the configuration only improves the aerodynamic and thermal performance of the Incline tip. In conclusion，a new configuration design for the high-load turbine blade tip has been constructed，revealing the interactive influence mechanism between the cavity depth and the width of the platform and the aerothermal performance of the blade tip in the novel configuration designs. It provides a direction for optimizing the aerothermal performance of the blade tip.

Key words: high-load turbine, rotor tip, structure parameter, performance, heat transfer coefficient

中图分类号:

V232

李琛玺, 郭鹏程. 高负荷涡轮叶顶设计及结构参数对气热性能的影响机制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(8): 283-296.

LI Chenxi, GUO Pengcheng. Influence of Tip Design and Structural Parameters on Aerothermal Performance in High-load Turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(8): 283-296.

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