雨滴粒径分布对高速列车气动性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.238

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为定量分析雨滴粒径分布对高速列车气动性能的影响，基于Euler方法建立高速列车外流场模型，并验证其计算方法有效性，基于Lagrange方法分别建立均一粒径及非均一粒径降雨模型，采用相间耦合方法开展不同降雨模型、不同降雨强度及不同车速下高速列车风雨耦合数值模拟。计算结果表明：均一粒径降雨模型的雨滴降落轨迹近似平行，非均一粒径降雨模型的雨滴降落轨迹交错复杂；两种降雨模型下，单位时间内落至车身的雨滴质量均随降雨强度及车速的增大而增大；当车速一定时，车身表面雨滴浓度随降雨强度的增大而增大，均一粒径降雨模型的车身表面雨滴浓度分布较为集中规律，非均一粒径降雨模型的车身表面雨滴浓度分布较为分散杂乱；当车速一定时，随着降雨强度的增大，列车鼻尖处的正压范围逐渐增大，列车所受的气动阻力及纵向雨载荷增大；在同一车速及降雨强度下，与均一粒径降雨模型的计算结果相比，非均一粒径降雨模型下头车鼻尖处正压范围变小，导致非均一粒径降雨模型下头车气动阻力减小，但非均一粒径降雨模型下头车纵向雨载荷变大。综合而言，非均一粒径降雨模型下头车纵向总阻力较均一粒径降雨模型减小。

关键词: 降雨环境, 高速列车, 雨滴谱, 气动特性, 雨载荷

Abstract: In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of raindrop particle size distribution on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train, a high-speed train outflow field model is established based on Euler method, and the effectiveness of its calculation method is verified. Rainfall models with uniform particle size and non-uniform particle size are established based on Lagrange method. The wind and rain coupling numerical simulation of high-speed trains under different rainfall models, different rainfall intensities and different vehicle speeds is carried out by using the phase coupling calculation method. The results show that the raindrop trajectory of the uniform particle size rainfall model is approximately parallel, while the non-uniform particle size rainfall model is complex and staggered; In both models, the raindrop mass per unit time increases with the increase of rainfall intensity and vehicle speed. When the vehicle speed is constant, the concentration of raindrop on the train surface increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. The concentration distribution of raindrop on the train surface of uniform particle size rainfall model is more concentrated and regular, while the non-uniform particle size rainfall model is more scattered and disorderly; When the vehicle speed is constant, with the increase of rainfall intensity, the positive pressure range at the nose tip of the train increases gradually, and the aerodynamic drag force and longitudinal rain load of the train increase; Under the same vehicle speed and rainfall intensity, compared with the calculation results of uniform particle size rainfall model, the positive pressure range at the nose tip of the head train under the non-uniform particle size rainfall model decreases, which leads to the reduction of aerodynamic drag force of the head train under the non-uniform particle size rainfall model, but the longitudinal rain load of the head train under the non-uniform particle size rainfall model increases. To sum up, the longitudinal total drag force of the head train under the non-uniform particle size rainfall model is lower than that under the uniform particle size rainfall model.

Key words: rainfall environment, high-speed train, raindrop size distribution, aerodynamic characteristic, rain load

中图分类号:

U270

盛旭高, 于梦阁, 戴志远, 张骞. 雨滴粒径分布对高速列车气动性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 238-248.

SHENG Xugao, YU Mengge, DAI Zhiyuan, ZHANG Qian. Effect of Raindrop Particle Size Distribution on Aerodynamic Performance of High-speed Train[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 238-248.

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