超高压高速斜盘式轴向柱塞变量泵配流副油膜抗倾覆润滑承载特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.02.358

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超高压化是液压技术的必然发展趋势与要求，然而超高压工况增大了轴向柱塞泵的缸体受到的倾覆力矩，加剧了缸体倾覆，更易于造成配流副偏磨失效、泄漏加大问题，对配流副油膜摩擦润滑与密封承载性能提出了更高的要求。为此，建立起耦合结构参数、工况参数和油液介质性能参数等与配流副油膜摩擦润滑、密封承载特性映射关系的数值解析模型。基于该模型，通过数值解析研究设计出一种适应超高压63 MPa工况的具有平面辅助支承结构的配流盘，对该配流副油膜特性的数值解析结果表明，在超高压63 MPa工况下，平面辅助支承结构可以使得缸体在由于倾斜而将与配流盘发生接触的位置处的油膜产生额外的承载能力，从而可以进一步地平衡缸体所受的负载倾覆力矩，增强了配流副油膜的抗倾覆能力。将该配流盘应用于研发的国内首台额定压力能达到63 MPa的超高压高速斜盘摆动变量式轴向柱塞联体泵马达物理样机中，通过试验测试验证了配流副的良好工作性能。研究结果可为高性能配流副的研发提供先进的设计方法与指导。

关键词: 轴向柱塞泵, 轴向柱塞马达, 超高压, 辅助支承, 配流副, 润滑油膜

Abstract: Ultra-high working pressure is the inevitable development trend and requirement of hydraulic technology. However, the ultra-high working pressure increases the overturning moment of the cylinder block of the axial piston pump, aggravates the overturn of the cylinder block, and is more likely to cause eccentric wear failure and leakage in the cylinder block/valve plate interface. It puts forward the higher requirements for the friction, lubrication and sealing, load-carrying performance of the cylinder block/valve plate pair. Therefore, A numerical analytical model is established, which is coupled with the mapping relationship between the structure parameters, operating parameters, oil performance parameters, etc., and the friction, lubrication as well as sealing, load-carrying properties of the cylinder block/valve plate pair oil film. Based on this model, a cylinder block/valve plate pair with a plane auxiliary support structure adapted to the ultra-high pressure 63 MPa working condition is designed through numerical analysis. It is founded that the support structure can make the oil film of the cylinder block in contact with the valve plate due to inclination of cylinder block to generate additional bearing capacity, thus further balancing the load overturning moment on the cylinder block and enhancing the anti-overturning ability of the oil film of the cylinder block/valve plate pair. The cylinder block/valve plate pair is applied to the first domestically developed ultra-high-pressure high-speed swash plate type variable displacement axial piston conjoined pump motor physical prototype with a nominal pressure of 63MPa, and the good working performance of the cylinder block/valve plate pair is verified through experimental tests. The research results can provide advanced design methods and guidance for the research and development of the high-performance cylinder block/valve plate pair.

Key words: axial piston pump, axial piston motor, ultra-high pressure, auxiliary support, cylinder block/valve plate pair, oil film

中图分类号:

TH137

胡敏, 丘天祥, 吴喆, 刘睿, 曾亿山, 刘常海. 超高压高速斜盘式轴向柱塞变量泵配流副油膜抗倾覆润滑承载特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(2): 358-370.

HU Min, QIU Tianxiang, WU Zhe, LIU Rui, ZENG Yishan, LIU Changhai. Research on the Cylinder Block/Valve Plate Interface Performance in Ultra-high-pressure and High-speed Swash Plate Type Variable Displacement Axial Piston Machines[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(2): 358-370.

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