马氏体时效钢激光选区熔化成形过程介观尺度数值模拟

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.03.282

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 282-295.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.03.282

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马氏体时效钢激光选区熔化成形过程介观尺度数值模拟

宋军^1,2, 唐倩¹, 罗智超¹, 冯琪翔¹, 聂云飞¹, 任治好³

1. 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院重庆 400044;
2. 华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室武汉 430074;
3. 重庆邮电大学先进制造工程学院重庆 400065

收稿日期:2023-02-09 修回日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-02-05 发布日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者: 唐倩,女,1969年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为金属增材制造技术与应用。E-mail:tqcqu@cqu.edu.cn
作者简介:宋军,男, 1991 年出生,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向为激光选区熔化成形过程数值模拟。E-mail:cqusongjun@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52335006,51975073)资助项目。

Mesoscopic Numerical Simulation during Selective Laser Melting of Maraging Steel

ONG Jun^1,2, TANG Qian¹, LUO Zhichao¹, FENG Qixiang¹, NIE Yunfei¹, REN Zhihao³

1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044;
2. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074;
3. School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065

Received:2023-02-09 Revised:2023-10-09 Online:2024-02-05 Published:2024-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)成形过程涉及多种发生于介观尺度下的物理现象,采用试验方法难以揭示物理现象复杂的形成规律。以 18Ni-300 马氏体时效钢为 SLM 成形材料,采用离散元法与有限体积法建立了 SLM 成形介观尺度热流耦合数值模型,并结合熔道成形试验验证模型的正确性。结合数值模拟揭示激光功率从 60 W 增加至 270 W 时单道 SLM成形熔道形貌、熔池尺寸与温度、传热机制等熔池行为的基本特征;研究在 0.2 J/mm、0.3 J/mm 和 0.45 J/mm 线能量密度下不同激光功率和扫描速度组合对熔道形貌、熔池尺寸与传热机制的影响规律;结合熔道搭接理论模型计算激光功率 180 W 和扫描速度 600 mm/s 组合下无搭接缺陷的扫描间距理论临界条件约为 83 μm,并研究 80 μm、100 μm 和 120 μm 扫描间距下多道多层 SLM 成形熔道搭接行为和演变规律。该模型可用于筛选工艺参数区间,提高工艺优化效率,为单层/多层成形的工艺试验提供指导。

关键词: 激光选区熔化, 马氏体时效钢, 数值模拟, 熔池, 缺陷

Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) involves a variety of complex physical phenomena that occur at the mesoscale, and these complex physical mechanisms during processing are difficult to be uncovered using experimental methods. A mesoscopic heat-coupled numerical model for the SLM process of 18Ni-300 maraging steel is developed based on discrete element and finite volume methods, and the model is verified by comparison with track fabrication experiments. Numerical simulations are performed to reveal the basic characteristics of single-track SLM processing, including the morphology of the tracks, the dimensions and temperatures of the molten pool and the heat transfer mechanisms, when the laser power is increased from 60 W to 270 W. The influence of different combinations of laser power and scanning speed at the linear energy densities of 0.2 J/mm, 0.3 J/mm and 0.45 J/mm on the morphology of the tracks, molten pool dimension and the heat transfer mechanism is investigated. Furthermore, the theoretical critical hatch spacing without overlap defects for the laser power of 180 W and scanning speed of 600 mm/s is calculated to be 83 μm based on the theoretical relationship of track overlaps, and the behaviour and evolution of track overlaps during multi-track and multi-layer SLM processing are investigated at the hatch spacing of 80 μm, 100 μm and 120 μm. The developed model can not only guide single-layer/multi-layer processing experiments, but also be used to predict process parameter windows and improve the efficiency of process optimisation..

Key words: selective laser melting, maraging steel, numerical simulation, molten pool, defect

中图分类号:

TG665

宋军, 唐倩, 罗智超, 冯琪翔, 聂云飞, 任治好. 马氏体时效钢激光选区熔化成形过程介观尺度数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(3): 282-295.

ONG Jun, TANG Qian, LUO Zhichao, FENG Qixiang, NIE Yunfei, REN Zhihao. Mesoscopic Numerical Simulation during Selective Laser Melting of Maraging Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(3): 282-295.

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马氏体时效钢激光选区熔化成形过程介观尺度数值模拟

Mesoscopic Numerical Simulation during Selective Laser Melting of Maraging Steel

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