铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊接的研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.14.077

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着铝合金在航空航天、轨道交通及船舶制造等工业制造领域的应用持续增长，实现铝合金的高质量焊接已成为目前铝合金结构件轻量化发展的迫切需求与研究热点。搅拌摩擦焊接(Friction stir welding, FSW)作为一种固相焊接技术，在铝合金连接方面取得了显著进展。然而，随着大厚度铝合金板应用需求的日益增加，单面FSW接头由于焊缝底部的热量供应不足，易在焊缝底部形成缺陷，难以达到质量要求。为改善上述单面FSW接头中存在的缺陷问题，双面搅拌摩擦焊接技术应运而生。基于目前研究较为广泛的两种双面FSW工艺——常规顺序双面搅拌摩擦焊(Conventional double-sided friction stir welding, CDS-FSW)和双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(Bobbin tool friction stir welding, BT-FSW)的研究成果，梳理和总结两种工艺的研究进展，重点从焊接工艺优化、接头宏微观组织形貌、力学性能及影响因素、搅拌头设计、焊接温度场和材料流动行为等方面进行详细分析与评述。最后，对双面搅拌摩擦焊接技术的热点问题及研究难题进行总结与展望，以期为双面搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展和实际工程应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 铝合金, 搅拌摩擦焊接, 双面接头, 组织特征, 力学性能

Abstract: With the development of applications of aluminum alloys in industrial manufacturing fields such as aerospace, rail transit and shipbuilding, achieving high-quality welding of aluminum alloys has become an urgent demand and research hotspot for the lightweight development of aluminum alloy components. As a solid-state welding technology, friction stir welding (FSW) has made significant progress in joining aluminum alloys. However, with the increasing demand for the application of large-thickness aluminum alloy plates, the single-sided FSW joints are prone to defects at the bottom of the weld due to insufficient heat supply, making it difficult to meet the quality requirements. In order to improve the defects of the above single-sided FSW joints, double-sided friction stir welding technology came into being. Based on the research results of two widely studied double-sided FSW processes, conventional double-sided friction stir welding (CDS-FSW) and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW), the research progress of the two processes is reviewed and summarized, focusing on the optimization of welding process, microstructure, mechanical properties and influencing factors, tool design, welding temperature field and material flow behavior. Finally, the hotspots and research challenges of double-sided friction stir welding technology are summarized and prospected, in order to provide theoretical references for the development and practical engineering applications of double-sided friction stir welding technology.

Key words: aluminum alloy, friction stir welding, double-sided joint, microstructure characteristics, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG457

杨夏炜, 孟廷曦, 褚强, 范文龙, 苏宇, 马铁军, 李文亚. 铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊接的研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(14): 77-96.

YANG Xiawei, MENG Tingxi, CHU Qiang, FAN Wenlong, SU Yu, MA Tiejun, LI Wenya. Research Progress in Double-sided Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(14): 77-96.

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