汽车前照灯发展综述与智能化趋势展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.22.380

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (22): 380-400.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.22.380

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汽车前照灯发展综述与智能化趋势展望

周绍栋^1,2, 聂畅², 张辉², 王正宇¹, 孙志峰¹

1. 广州广日电气设备有限公司广州 511447;
2. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院北京 100191

收稿日期:2022-12-20 修回日期:2023-06-01 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2024-02-19
通讯作者: 张辉(通信作者)，男，1984年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为独立驱动电动汽车系统动力学控制、无人驾驶汽车决策与控制、信息物理系统控制理论、轨道交通系统建模与优化控制等。E-mail：huizhang285@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:周绍栋，男，1991年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为汽车智能照明系统、自动驾驶感知与控制、自动驾驶技术应用、人机共驾。E-mail：zsd24@buaa.edu.cn；聂畅，男，1997年出生，硕士。主要研究方向为自动驾驶视觉感知算法设计。E-mail：niechang@buaa.edu.cn；王正宇，男，1981年出生，硕士。主要研究方向为数字化照明技术在智能车灯系统中的应用。E-mail：wangzhengyu@efg.cn；孙志锋，男，1982年出生，中级工程师。主要研究方向为汽车照明灯具设计及生产制造。E-mail：sunzhifeng@efg.cn
基金资助:
广州市产业领军人才集聚工程资助项目(202009020002)。

Intelligent Automobile Headlights: Recent Developments and Future Trends

ZHOU Shaodong^1,2, NIE Chang², ZHANG Hui², WANG Zhengyu¹, SUN Zhifeng¹

1. Electricity Facilities Guangri Guangzhou Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511447;
2. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191

Received:2022-12-20 Revised:2023-06-01 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2024-02-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 前照灯是汽车在夜间、黄昏等光线环境差的路况上行驶时不可或缺的照明设备，能够辅助驾驶员获取明亮清晰的观察视野。但在会车、超车等行车场景时，一些驾驶员滥用远光灯的行为导致其他道路使用者眩目、疲劳，增加交通事故发生的概率。随着智能网联技术与汽车照明技术的进步，前照灯的智能化能够有效提升夜间驾驶的安全性和舒适性，成为未来的发展趋势。综述汽车前照灯在安全性、规范性、智能化趋势及设计造型等方面对于驾驶员、汽车产品和交通安全的重要影响。梳理从白炽灯到卤素前照灯、氙气大灯、发光二极管(Light-emitting diode, LED)大灯、激光大灯，再到如今的自适应前照灯系统(Adaptive front-lighting system, AFS)、自适应远光系统(Adaptive driving beam, ADB)、数字投影大灯(Digital light processing, DLP)的技术发展路线。结合当前技术发展方向和实际应用，分析智能前照灯AFS、ADB和DLP投影大灯3种技术的工作原理、特点、应用情况及各技术的主要区别。结合汽车前照灯智能化过程中的感知和控制所依赖的夜间行车场景数据库、2D/3D多目标检测、照明控制等相关技术研究进行梳理和综述，最后对汽车前照灯智能化的趋势和发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 汽车, 前照灯, 综述

Abstract: The vehicle headlight is the most important lighting system for drivers when driving in poor lighting conditions including dusk and nighttime. However, some drivers abuse the high beam in some driving scenarios such as meeting and overtaking, which causes other road users to be dazzled and increases the probability of traffic accidents. To address the above problems, automotive lighting technology has made significant progress to improve driving safety in poor lighting conditions. Especially, the intelligent headlight improves the safety and comfort of night driving due to the rapid development of connected and autonomous vehicles technology. Firstly, the significant impact of automobile headlights on drivers, car products and traffic safety is illustrated in four aspects: safety, standardization, intelligent trend and fashion. Moreover, the development process of vehicle headlights is also reviewed from incandescent lamps, halogen headlights, xenon headlights, LED matrix headlights, and laser headlights to adaptive front-lighting system(AFS), adaptive driving beam(ADB) and digital light processing(DLP). Subsequently, based on current academic research directions and industrial applications, we analyze the principles, technical characteristics, methods and applications of the intelligent headlight technologies according to three types of technical solutions, including AFS, ADB and DLP. Based on the analysis, the differences between each type of solution are further discussed. Furthermore, the perception and automation techniques utilized in intelligent headlights, such as night-time driving database technology, 2D/3D object detection and tracking and lighting control method, are surveyed. Finally, the development trends for intelligent vehicle headlights are prospected.

Key words: vehicle, headlight, review

中图分类号:

U463

周绍栋, 聂畅, 张辉, 王正宇, 孙志峰. 汽车前照灯发展综述与智能化趋势展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(22): 380-400.

ZHOU Shaodong, NIE Chang, ZHANG Hui, WANG Zhengyu, SUN Zhifeng. Intelligent Automobile Headlights: Recent Developments and Future Trends[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(22): 380-400.

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汽车前照灯发展综述与智能化趋势展望

Intelligent Automobile Headlights: Recent Developments and Future Trends

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