面向选区激光熔化增材制造的多孔结构设计与力学性能分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.18.175

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 面向选区激光熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)增材制造轻质高强多孔结构的需求，采用拓扑优化设计方法，通过调节孔隙率和载荷施加位置对正六面体进行结构优化，得到了点、线和面拓扑多孔结构，并利用SLM技术制备了AlSi10Mg多孔结构试样。通过压缩试验测试多孔结构的力学性能，采用有限元法分析多孔结构的破坏机理。结果表明，随着孔隙率的增加，点、线和面拓扑多孔结构的屈服强度和弹性模量逐渐降低。有限元分析表明，面拓扑多孔结构的应力分布是最均匀，在相同压缩位移下，面拓扑多孔结构的力学性能最佳，线拓扑多孔结构次之，点拓扑多孔结构的力学性能最差。该结果证明了面拓扑优化是三种优化方式中最理想的一种。采用经典的Gibson-Ashby模型建立了力学性能与几何参数之间的数学关系，可用来预测三种多孔结构的孔隙率与力学性能关系，为多孔结构的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 选区激光熔化, 拓扑优化, 多孔结构, 力学性能, 有限元法

Abstract: Facing the demand of additive manufacturing high-strength porous structure, the topology optimization design method was used to optimize the structure of the regular hexahedron by adjusting the porosity and the position of the load, so as to obtain three topology porous structures of point topology optimization, line topology optimization and face topology optimization. AlSi10Mg porous structure samples were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The mechanical properties of three kinds of porous structures were analyzed by compression test, and the failure mechanism of porous structures were analyzed by finite element method. The results show that the yield strength and elastic modulus of point topology optimization, line topology optimization and face topology optimization porous structure decrease with the increase of porosity. According to the finite element analysis, it can be seen that the stress distribution of the face topology optimization porous structure is the most uniform. Under the same displacement, the mechanical performance of the topology optimization porous structure is the best, the line topology optimization structure is the second, and the point topology optimization structure is the worst. The results show that the face topology optimization is the best of the three optimization methods. The mathematical relationship between mechanical properties and geometric parameters were established by using the classical Gibson-Ashby model, which can be used to predict the relationship between porosity and mechanical properties of the three kinds of structures, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of porous structures.

Key words: selective laser melting, topology optimization, porous structure, mechanical properties, finite element method

中图分类号:

TH164

石岩, 张恒. 面向选区激光熔化增材制造的多孔结构设计与力学性能分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(18): 175-185.

SHI Yan, ZHANG Heng. Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Additive Manufactured Porous Structures by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(18): 175-185.

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