• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (14): 87-104.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.14.087

• 特邀专栏:电源系统设计、管理与大数据 • 上一篇    下一篇

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新能源汽车动力电池系统故障诊断研究综述

孙振宇1,2, 王震坡1,2,3, 刘鹏1,2,3, 张照生1,2,3, 陈勇4, 曲昌辉1,2   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学电动车辆国家工程实验室 北京 100081;
    2. 北京理工大学电动车辆协同创新中心 北京 100081;
    3. 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 重庆 401120;
    4. 北京信息科技大学机电工程学院 北京 100192
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-10 修回日期:2021-03-05 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 王震坡(通信作者),男,1976年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为动力电池成组理论与应用,新能源汽车大数据分析。E-mail:wangzhenpo@bit.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙振宇,男,1990年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为电动汽车动力电池故障诊断,新能源汽车大数据分析。E-mail:bitzhenyu@163.com;刘鹏,男,1983年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新能源汽车大数据分析,新能源汽车安全预警。E-mail:bitliupeng@bit.edu.cn;张照生,男,1984年出生,博士,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新能源汽车大数据分析。E-mail:zhangzhaosheng@bit.edu.cn;陈勇,男,1966年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电动汽车系统集成、匹配与控制。E-mail:chenyong_jz@126.com;曲昌辉,男,1984年出生,博士。主要研究方向为新能源汽车大数据与运行安全、新能源汽车能量管理与综合控制。E-mail:quchanghui812@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFB1600800)和国家留学基金管理委员会(202006030153)资助项目

Overview of Fault Diagnosis in New Energy Vehicle Power Battery System

SUN Zhenyu1,2, WANG Zhenpo1,2,3, LIU Peng1,2,3, ZHANG Zhaosheng1,2,3, CHEN Yong4, QU Changhui1,2   

  1. 1. National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
    2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
    3. Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120;
    4. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192
  • Received:2020-06-10 Revised:2021-03-05 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-15

摘要: 随着新能源汽车保有量的增加,新能源汽车安全问题日益突出,严重威胁着驾乘人员的生命财产安全,制约了新能源汽车产业发展。动力电池问题是新能源汽车着火事故发生的主要原因(占着火事故60%以上),发展先进的动力电池系统故障诊断技术已成为新能源汽车安全防护领域的热点。为填补该领域最新中文综述的空白,基于动力电池系统故障发生位置的差异,将故障分类为内部故障和外部故障,描述过充电、过放电、外部短路、内部短路、过热、热失控、传感器故障、连接件故障、冷却系统故障的失效机理。从内部故障和外部故障两个角度出发,总结锂离子动力电池的基于知识、模型、数据驱动三类故障诊断方法的研究现状与最新进展。讨论当前动力电池系统故障诊断技术研究中存在的主要问题,提出电池故障诊断技术的未来发展趋势,以期实现动力电池系统故障的准确诊断和早期防控,提高新能源汽车安全性,保障驾乘人员生命财产安全,推动新能源汽车产业进一步发展。

关键词: 新能源汽车, 动力电池, 故障机理, 故障诊断

Abstract: To achieve significant fuel consumption and carbon emission reductions, new energy vehicles have become a transport development trend throughout the world. However, new energy vehicle safety issues are increasingly prominent with the increase of new energy vehicle, which seriously threatens the life and property of drivers, and restricts the development of new energy vehicles industry. According to statistics, 60% of fire accidents in new energy vehicles are caused by power batteries. The development of advanced fault diagnosis technology for power battery system has become a hot spot in the field of safety protection. In order to fill the gap in the latest Chinese review, the faults of power battery system are classified into internal faults and external faults based on the difference of fault location, and the failure mechanisms of over-charge, over-discharge, external short circuit, internal short circuit, sensor fault, connector fault and cooling system fault are described. From the perspectives of internal faults and external faults, the research status and latest progress of three types of fault diagnosis methods are summarized including knowledge-based, model-based and data driven for lithium-ion power batteries. The main problems in the current research and future development on power battery fault diagnosis technology are discussed. In this way, accurate diagnosis and early prevention of power battery system faults can be realized, the life and property safety of drivers can be guaranteed, and the safety and the further development of the new energy vehicle can be promoted.

Key words: new energy vehicle, power battery, fault mechanism, fault diagnosis

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