• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 97-107.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.09.097

• 特邀专栏:航天先进制造技术专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

预制体结构对C/C复合材料力学性能、断裂行为以及热物性能的影响

庞生洋, 胡成龙, 杨鸷, 汤素芳   

  1. 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-14 修回日期:2017-11-23 出版日期:2018-05-05 发布日期:2018-05-05
  • 通讯作者: 汤素芳(通信作者),女,1980年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为碳基、陶瓷基复合材料,气凝胶复合材料。E-mail:sftang@imr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:庞生洋,男,1986年出生。主要研究方向为碳基、陶瓷基复合材料。E-mail:sypang@imr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(U153720046)。

Effects of Preform Structures on the Mechanical Properties, Fracture Behaviors and Thermophysical Properties of C/C Composites

PANG Shengyang, HU Chenglong, YANG Zhi, TANG Sufang   

  1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
  • Received:2017-07-14 Revised:2017-11-23 Online:2018-05-05 Published:2018-05-05

摘要: 采用电耦合化学气相渗(Electric-coupling chemical vapor infiltration,E-CVI)工艺制备了C/C复合材料,系统研究了增强体类型、铺层方向对C/C复合材料力学性能、断裂行为和热物理性能的影响。结果表明,以碳毡作为增强体的C/C复合材料具有最差的力学性能;无纬布C/C和斜纹布C/C随着铺层秩序从0°/0°、0°/90°变化到0°/45°,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量依次降低。在拉伸载荷下,0°/0°无纬布C/C的断裂行为主要表现为0°纤维束的拔出和断裂;0°/90°无纬布C/C表现为90°纤维层的界面脱粘和基体开裂,以及0°纤维束的拔出与断裂;0°/45°无纬布C/C表现为纤维与基体沿着±45°和90°纤维层的界面脱粘与基体开裂,以及±45°和0°纤维束的拔出。纤维预制体对C/C复合材料力学性能的影响主要取决于加载方向的纤维含量和取向、孔隙分布以及纤维束之间的界面结合。对于热物理性能,0°/90°无纬布C/C具有最小的热膨胀系数,碳毡C/C最大;0°/45°无纬布C/C具有最高的热导率,碳毡C/C最小;0°/90°无纬布C/C具有最大的TSR值。纤维预制体对C/C复合材料热物理性能的影响主要依赖于测量方向上纤维含量和取向,以及热解炭片层的取向。

关键词: C/C复合材料, 电耦合CVI, 断裂行为, 力学性能, 热物理性能, 碳纤维预制体

Abstract: The C/C composites reinforced by different fiber preforms are fabricated by electric-coupling chemical vapor infiltration. The effects of fabric types and lay-up sequences on the mechanical properties, fracture behaviors and thermophysical properties are investigated. The results showed that the C/C composites with a mat reinforcement had the poorest mechanical properties; both of tensile and flexural strengths and moduli of the weftless C/C and the twill C/C decreased with the lay-up sequences changing from 0°/0°, 0°/90° to 0°/45°. Under the tensile loading, the fracture mode of 0°/0° weftless C/C mainly exhibited the pull-out and fracture of 0° fiber bundles; that of 0°/90° weftless C/C mainly show the interfacial debonding and matrix crack of the 90° fiber layers, and the pull-out and fracture of 0° fiber bundles; that of 0°/45° weftless C/C mainly presented the interfacial debonding and matrix crack along ±45° and 90° fiber layers, and the pull-out and fracture of the ±45° and 0°fiber bundles. The mechanical properties of the C/C composites are dependent on the fiber content and arrangement in the loading direction, the pore distribution and the interfacial bonding between the bundles and between the layers. For the thermophysical properties, the 0°/90° weftless C/C and the mat C/C exhibited the lowest and the highest coefficient of thermal expansion, respectively; the 0°/45° weftless C/C and the mat C/C performed the highest and lowest thermal conductivity, respectively; and the 0°/45° weftless C/C had the largest the TSR value. The effects of the different preforms on the thermophysical properties are related to the fiber content and arrangement in the measuring direction and the pyrocarbon laminar arrangement.

Key words: C/C composite, carbon fiber preform, electric-coupling chemical vapor infiltration, fracture behavior, mechanical property, thermophysical property

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