交变磁场作用下的GTAW非稳态电弧数值模拟

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.16.079

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (16): 79-85.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.16.079

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交变磁场作用下的GTAW非稳态电弧数值模拟

肖磊¹, 樊丁^1,2, 黄健康^1,2

1. 兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院兰州 730050;
2. 兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室兰州 730050

收稿日期:2017-12-31 修回日期:2018-03-26 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-20
通讯作者: 樊丁(通信作者),男,1961年出生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事焊接物理、焊接智能控制以及激光加工等方面的研究。E-mail:fand@lut.cn
作者简介:肖磊,男,1991年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为高效焊接方法及数值模拟。E-mail:xxxiaolei@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51775256）、甘肃省基础研究创新群体计划（17JR5RA107）和甘肃省高效协同创新团队项目（2017C-07）资助项目。

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Arc in GTAW with Alternate Axial Magnetic Field

XIAO Lei¹, FAN Ding^1,2, HUANG Jiankang^1,2

1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050

Received:2017-12-31 Revised:2018-03-26 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于计算流体动力学（Computational fluid dynamics，CFD）软件Fluent，建立钨极惰性气体保护焊（Gas tungsten arc welding，GTAW）电弧非稳态三维数值模型，研究交变磁场作用下的非稳态电弧特性，为交变磁场在磁控焊接技术中的应用提供理论支撑。计算获得了外加交变轴向磁场作用下GTAW焊接电弧的温度场、速度场和压力场等结果，揭示了等离子体最高温度、阳极表面压力分布、阳极表面电流密度分布与时间的关系。对比分析磁场方向改变前后的计算结果发现，当外加磁场方向改变时，在反向旋转力作用下等离子体最大加速度能够达到6×10⁷ m/s²，在此加速度作用下，距离钨极较近的等离子体迅速改变旋转方向，而远离钨极的等离子体则来不及改变方向。当外加磁场磁感应强度为0.03 T、频率小于100 kHz时电弧均能实现正反往复旋转，且阳极表面压力及电流密度分布不再是单一的双峰分布而是呈现单/双峰交替的周期性变化。试验中采用高速摄像系统拍摄了磁场方向改变后的电弧形态，焊接电弧先收缩后扩张，与模拟结果一致。

关键词: 交变轴向磁场, 数值模拟, 钨极惰性气体保护焊

Abstract: Based on the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software Fluent, the alternating magnetic field controlling unsteady electric arc properties such as temperature field, flow field and pressure field in extra alternate axial magnetic field are studied by modeling a 3D mathematic model of gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW). The relationships of maximum temperature、pressure distribution on the anode and current density on the anode with time are highlighted. When taking into account the alternate axial magnetic field, the extra electromagnetic force drives the arc to rotate. The maximum accelerated speed reaches 6×10⁷ m/s², hence the arc plasma nearing the tungsten suddenly changes its rotating direction, and arc plasma away from that keeps intact. The arc can ultimately alter its rotating direction when the magnetic field frequency is less than 100 kHz when the magnetic induction intensity is 0.03 T. The pressure and current density distributions on the anode change from double peaks to one-two peaks alternating periodically, which have been partly demonstrated in the experimental research by high-speed camera system. It ultimately provides fundamental basis for the alternating magnetic field controlling welding technology.

Key words: alternate axial magnetic field, gas tungsten arc welding, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG444

肖磊, 樊丁, 黄健康. 交变磁场作用下的GTAW非稳态电弧数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(16): 79-85.

XIAO Lei, FAN Ding, HUANG Jiankang. Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Arc in GTAW with Alternate Axial Magnetic Field[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(16): 79-85.

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交变磁场作用下的GTAW非稳态电弧数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Arc in GTAW with Alternate Axial Magnetic Field

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