基于折纸技术的星载薄膜天线膜面折叠设计与实验

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.21.179

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 薄膜材料结合折纸技术为星载平面阵列天线和星载反射面天线的轻量化与高收纳提供了解决方案。为实现薄膜天线的高效收纳，缓减折痕对膜面精度的影响，基于Flasher厚板折纸理论，分别开展了平面薄膜和抛物面薄膜折痕的布局设计、仿真分析及实物折叠实验。首先，针对平面阵列天线，在折痕设计中充分考虑薄膜阵面厚度影响，建立了非零厚度平面薄膜折痕分析模型，利用次折痕降低了折叠高度，提升了天线的折叠收纳率。然后，针对反射面天线，在平面折痕设计的基础上，根据平行投影几何和螺旋曲线微元法，综合考虑反射面结构产生的厚度影响，建立了抛物面薄膜折痕布局分析模型，实现了曲面薄膜的折叠设计。通过有限元软件分析了平面与曲面薄膜的折叠过程，验证了折痕布局设计的合理性。最后，采用扩展间隙法研制了聚酰亚胺平面薄膜和抛物面曲面薄膜样件，实验表明设计的折叠方案能够实现平面和曲面薄膜的良好折叠，能够保证薄膜天线展开后的型面精度，可为星载薄膜天线的高效收纳管理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 薄膜天线, 折纸技术, 平面薄膜, 薄膜反射面, 厚膜折叠

Abstract: The membrane materials combined with origami technology provide promising solutions for light weight and high storage of reflective surfaces of satellite-borne planar array antennas and membrane reflector antennas. To achieve efficient stowage of membrane antennas and mitigate the adverse effects of crease on surface accuracy, the crease pattern design, numerical simulation analysis, and physical folding experiments for both planar and parabolic membrane structures are carried out on the basis of the Flasher thick-membrane origami model. Firstly, the membrane thickness factor is introduced into the crease pattern design, and the numerical model of non-zero thickness crease analysis model for planar array antennas is established by introducing sub-creases to reduce the folding height and enhance the stowage efficiency of antenna. Then, for membrane reflector antennas, the numerical models of non-zero-thickness crease pattern for curved membranes is established based on planar crease patterns, incorporating the parallel projection geometry method and the spiral curve microelement method. And the finite element simulations are performed to analyze the folding processes of both planar and parabolic membranes, confirming the feasibility and rationality of the proposed crease pattern designs. Finally, prototypes of polyimide planar and parabolic membrane samples are fabricated using the extended gap method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed crease pattern designs enable effective folding of both planar and curved membranes while maintaining the surface accuracy after deployment, providing theoretical support for the efficient stowage and deployment management of satellite-borne membrane antennas.

Key words: membrane antenna, origami technology, planar membrane, parabolic membrane, thick-membrane folding

中图分类号:

V445

任志威, 杜敬利, 訾斌, 郭佳媛. 基于折纸技术的星载薄膜天线膜面折叠设计与实验[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(21): 179-191.

REN Zhiwei, DU Jingli, ZI Bin, GUO Jiayuan. Surface Folding Design and Experiment of Satellite-borne Membrane Antennas Based on Origami Technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(21): 179-191.

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