高速湿式永磁无刷直流电机多目标优化设计

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.339

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为同时优化高转速下湿式永磁无刷直流电机(Wet permanent magnet brushless DC motor，WPMBLDC)电磁特性和黏滞摩擦损耗，以一台8极12槽湿式永磁无刷直流电机作为研究对象，采用有限元法对电机电磁性能和内部流场特性进行研究。以电机空载反电动势不能超过250 V，降低空载齿槽转矩峰值，输出转矩波动和黏滞摩擦损耗，提升平均输出转矩为目标，采用进化算法，分析定子槽结构参数、电枢直径、气隙宽度、极弧系数、永磁体厚度对湿式电机电磁特性和黏滞摩擦损耗的敏感性和影响规律，并进行优化和试验验证。结果表明，气隙宽度、槽口开度、极弧系数是影响湿式电机电磁特性的显著因素；槽口开度、转子外径是影响湿式电机黏滞摩擦损耗显著因素；优化后的齿槽转矩峰值降低了48.23%，平均转矩提升了53.5%，转矩波动降低了16.11%，黏滞摩擦损耗降低了14.8%，优化效果较为显著。

关键词: 永磁无刷直流电机, 湿式电机, 电磁特性, 敏感性分析, 多目标优化, 黏滞摩擦损耗

Abstract: In order to optimize the electromagnetic characteristics and viscous friction loss of wet permanent magnet brushless DC motor(WPMBLDC) at high speed, an 8-pole 12-slot WPMBLDC was taken as the research object, and the finite element method was used to study the electromagnetic performance and internal flow field characteristics of the motor. In order to reduce the peak value of no-load cogging torque, output torque ripple and viscous friction loss, and improve the average output torque, the no-load back electromotive force of the motor should not exceed 250 V. The evolutionary algorithm is used to analyze the sensitivity and influence of stator slot structure parameters, armature diameter, air gap width, pole arc coefficient and permanent magnet thickness on the electromagnetic characteristics and viscous friction loss of the wet motor, and the optimization and experimental verification are carried out. The results show that the air gap width, slot opening and pole arc coefficient are the significant factors affecting the electromagnetic characteristics of the wet motor. The groove opening and the outer diameter of the rotor are the significant factors affecting the viscous friction loss of the wet motor. After optimization, the peak value of cogging torque is reduced by 48.23%, the average torque is increased by 53.5%, the torque fluctuation is reduced by 16.11%, and the viscous friction loss is reduced by 14.8%. The optimization effect is more significant.

Key words: permanent magnet brushless DC motor, wet motor, electromagnetic characteristics, sensitivity analysis, multi-objective optimization, viscous friction loss

中图分类号:

V228

高天雄, 杨柳, 姚旭东, 肖守文, 艾超, 孔祥东. 高速湿式永磁无刷直流电机多目标优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 339-348.

GAO Tianxiong, YANG Liu, YAO Xudong, XIAO Shouwen, AI Chao, KONG Xiangdong. Multi-objective Optimization Design of High-speed Wet Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 339-348.

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