锥壳展开面的自动铺丝轨迹规划优化算法

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.11.406

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锥体上纤维铺放轨迹通常分为测地线路径、定角度路径、变角度路径。测地线法铺放质量良好但不适用于复杂回转曲面；固定角度路径能够确保丝束任意位置具有相同的铺放方向角，确保层合板的设计强度，但在复杂曲面上容易起皱变形；一般变角度路径可以实现任意位置满足曲率约束而不会产生褶皱缺陷。因此，为避免铺丝过程丝束褶皱、翘起等缺陷，提出一种自动铺丝新的变角度轨迹规划算法，在定角度与变角度轨迹方法的基础上引入比例因子，综合考虑设计铺层方向及丝束褶皱形成机理，在铺放路径上实现定角度轨迹与变角度轨迹的定向分段优化，解决了单种轨迹规划算法存在的缺陷。首先，根据锥壳展开面参数几何关系获得两种路径上的测地曲率；其次，以最大曲率作为质量控制准则，提出铺放路径的优化方法；然后，以大锥度锥壳为模型在上进行铺放轨迹仿真，完成可铺性分析；最后，采用自动铺丝机在平面模具上进行铺放试验验证所提出算法的正确性。优化轨迹结合了定角度轨迹与变角度轨迹的特点，兼顾构件设计强度与铺放质量。在减少褶皱缺陷前提下，尽可能达到铺层设计强度。

关键词: 自动铺丝, 轨迹规划, 转向半径, 褶皱

Abstract: Fiber trajectories for conical shell surfaces are usually defined as geodesic path, fixed-angle path, and variable-angle path. Geodesic method has good laying quality, but it is not suitable for complex surfaces. Fixed angle method ensures that the tows have the same laying angle at any position, which guarantees the design strength of the laminate. However, it is prone to wrinkles and distortions on complex surfaces. General variable angle method is able to satisfy curvature constraints at any position without wrinkle defect. Therefore, in order to avoid defects such as wrinkles and buckling during fiber placement, a new variable angle trajectory planning algorithm for automatic fiber placement is proposed. On the basis of fixed-angle method and variable-angle method, the proportion factor is introduced, taking into account the design direction of the layer and the formation mechanism of wrinkle. The directional segmentation optimization of fixed-angle and variable-angle trajectories is achieved on the lay-up path, which solves the defects of single trajectory planning algorithm. Firstly, the geodesic curvatures of two paths are obtained based on the geometric relationship of the parameters of cone-shell flattened surface. Secondly, using the maximum curvature as the quality control criterion, an optimization method of lay-up trajectory is proposed. Then, taking the large taper cone shell as the model on which the lay-up trajectory simulation is carried out to complete the lay-up analysis. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified by using AFP machine to conduct the lay-up test on the plane mold. The optimized trajectory combines the characteristics of fixed-angle trajectory and variable-angle trajectory, balancing the design strength of the components with lay-up quality. The design strength of the layer is achieved as much as possible while minimizing wrinkle defects.

Key words: automated fiber placement, trajectory planning, turning radius, wrinkle

中图分类号:

TB332

陆天尧, 尉凌霄, 曹珍珍, 刘钢, 茅健, 李军利. 锥壳展开面的自动铺丝轨迹规划优化算法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 406-416.

LU Tianyao, YU Lingxiao, CAO Zhenzhen, LIU Gang, MAO Jian, LI Junli. Optimization Algorithm of Automatic Fiber Placement Path Planning on Flattened Vone Surface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(11): 406-416.

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