激光增材制造钛合金构件的阵列超声检测方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.08.141

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 141-147.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.08.141

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激光增材制造钛合金构件的阵列超声检测方法研究

李文涛¹, 周正干^1,2

1. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院北京 100083;
2. 北京航空航天大学先进航空发动机协同创新中心北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-06-18 修回日期:2019-12-09 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-05-28
通讯作者: 周正干(通信作者),男,博士,教授。主要研究方向为超声无损检测和计算机测控技术等。E-mail:zzhenggan@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:李文涛,男,1989年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为现代超声检测技术。E-mail:liwentao@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51775026）。

Research on Ultrasonic Array Testing Methods of Laser Additive-manufacturing Titanium Alloy

LI Wentao¹, ZHOU Zhenggan^1,2

1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100083;
2. The Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-engine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083

Received:2019-06-18 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钛合金激光增材制造技术已经逐步应用于航空航天等领域中复杂构件的直接近成形制造。然而，由于特殊的制造工艺导致的高衰减性和不均匀性使其内部缺陷采用常规超声检测方法检测效率低、成像结果差，为此研究了阵列超声检测方法在增材制造钛合金构件检测中的关键技术。采用激光增材制造方法制备TC18钛合金试样，利用高频水浸超声方法分析其超声衰减特性，提出适用于增材制造钛合金构件的内部回波成像方法。基于线阵换能器全矩阵数据采集的方法分析声波沿试样不同表面入射时声波群速度随角度的变化规律，对增材制造钛合金试样的各向异性进行分析，并基于测量结果对阵列超声成像算法进行校正。分别采用线阵和环阵换能器对试样进行C扫描检测试验，分析影响检测结果的主要因素。研究结果表明，采用环阵换能器结合全聚焦算法能更精确地表征试样的内部缺陷，在增材制造钛合金构件的无损检测中有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 增材制造, TC18钛合金, 高衰减, 阵列超声, 无损检测

Abstract: Laser additive manufacturing (AM) technology of titanium alloy has been gradually applied to rapid prototyping of complex components in aerospace and other fields. However, due to the high attenuation and inhomogeneity caused by its special manufacturing process, it is inefficient and poor imaging results to detect its internal defects by conventional ultrasonic testing methods. For this reason, the key technologies of ultrasonic array method in the detection of additive-manufacturing titanium alloy are studied. A TC18 titanium alloy specimen is prepared by laser AM method, the ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of the specimen are analyzed based on the high frequency ultrasonic immersion method, and the internal echo imaging method for AM titanium alloy components is proposed as well. The variation trends of ultrasonic group velocity in the specimen with different propagating angles are measured using full matrix capture method of linear array transducer. In addition, the anisotropy of the AM titanium alloy is summarized and the ultrasonic array imaging algorithms are corrected based on the measurement results. Finally, the C scan detection experiments are conducted on the specimen by using the linear array and the annular transducer respectively, and the main factors that affect the test result are analyzed. The results show that the internal defects of the AM titanium alloy specimen can be more accurately characterized using the annular array transducer with the total focusing method (TFM), and it has a good application prospect in the nondestructive testing of the AM titanium alloy components.

Key words: additive manufacturing, TC18 titanium alloy, high attenuation, ultrasonic array, nondestructive testing

中图分类号:

TB553

李文涛, 周正干. 激光增材制造钛合金构件的阵列超声检测方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(8): 141-147.

LI Wentao, ZHOU Zhenggan. Research on Ultrasonic Array Testing Methods of Laser Additive-manufacturing Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(8): 141-147.

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激光增材制造钛合金构件的阵列超声检测方法研究

Research on Ultrasonic Array Testing Methods of Laser Additive-manufacturing Titanium Alloy

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