• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 138-144.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.02.138

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于刚柔耦合动力学模型的高速列车铸铝横梁应力状态分析

窦伟元1, 张乐乐1, 张海峰2, 刘长青2   

  1. 1. 北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院 北京 100044;
    2. 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 长春 130062
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-08 修回日期:2019-05-20 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 张乐乐(通信作者),女,1973年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轨道车辆被动安全、结构耐撞性优化设计、结构可靠性。E-mail:llzhang1@bjtu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:窦伟元,男,1989年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为高速列车流固耦合数值传递算法与结构失效分析等。E-mail:weiyuandou@bjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475036)。

Analysis on the Stress State of Cast Aluminum Beam of High Speed Train Based on Rigid-flexible Coupling Dynamic Model

DOU Weiyuan1, ZHANG Lele1, ZHANG Haifeng2, LIU Changqing2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044;
    2. CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062
  • Received:2018-12-08 Revised:2019-05-20 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-03-11

摘要: 铸铝横梁是某型高速列车体悬式牵引电机的承载结构,其铝合金铸造结构复杂,同时承载来自车体弹性振动和电机转矩的多源载荷。在实际运营条件下结构的应力状态分析是预测、监控结构承载安全不可忽视的环节。建立车体-铸铝横梁结构耦合动力学模型,以哈大线实际线路工况为条件进行仿真,对比分析基于刚柔耦合模型和多刚体模型的车体加速度响应:刚体模型仅能表征低频下车体的刚体振型,随线路激扰加剧,刚柔耦合模型中弹性体模态被激发,模态响应阶次提高,振动能量增大;将由车体动力学响应计算获得的时域载荷作用于经动载试验校验的铸铝横梁有限元模型,实现瞬态应力状态分析。结果表明:铸铝横梁载荷与车体振动呈正相关性,车体一阶垂向振动、电机转矩和车体菱形变形振动分别是引起多线路条件下垂向载荷、横向载荷加剧的主要因素;在现有模型条件下,结构典型高应力区域最大主应力变动方向角小于5°,呈准单轴应力状态。

关键词: 高速列车, 铸铝横梁, 刚柔耦合, 弹性振动, 应力状态

Abstract: A cast aluminum beam is a key bearing structure of a body-hung traction motor on a high speed train. The cast beam with complex geometric shape sustains the excitation from the elastic vibration of the car-body and motor torque at the same time. Moreover, investigation of the stress state in practical condition plays a significant role in predicting and monitoring the bearing safety of structures. With respect to simulation of the conditions on the Harbin-Dalian lines, car-body & cast beam models are established to compare the response of acceleration between rigid and flexible model. Low frequency rigid vibration modes can only be obtained via the rigid model. The elastic modal is excited with the line's excitation enhancement, higher mode response and vibration energy are shown in the flexible model. A dynamic test is conducted to validate the FE model of the beam, and transient simulation is performed considering the load from the dynamic simulations. The results illustrate positive correlation between beam loads and car-body vibration, the first vertical mode, motor torque and diamond mode result in higher vertical and lateral loads in multi lines conditions, respectively. The range of angles of the first principal stress in high stress areas of the beam is no more than 5 degree, which indicates semi-uniaxial stress status.

Key words: high speed train, cast aluminum beam, rigid-flexible coupling, elastic vibration, stress state

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