基于试验测试的桥梁与路堤区段高速列车车外噪声特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.20.188

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (20): 188-197.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.20.188

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基于试验测试的桥梁与路堤区段高速列车车外噪声特性分析

杨妍¹, 张捷¹, 何宾², 范静¹, 王德威¹, 肖新标¹

1. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都 610031;
2. 中国铁路设计集团有限公司天津 300142

收稿日期:2018-06-04 修回日期:2019-04-12 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2020-01-07
通讯作者: 肖新标(通信作者),男,1978年出生,博士,副研究员,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为铁路噪声与振动。E-mail:xinbiaoxiao@163.com
作者简介:杨妍,女,1995年出生。主要研究方向为铁路噪声与振动。E-mail:yanyang_0119@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（U1834201）和国家重点研发计划战略性国际科技创新合作重点专项（2016YFE0205200）资助项目。

Analysis on Exterior Noise Characteristics of High-speed Trains in Bridges and Embankments Section Based on Experiment

YANG Yan¹, ZHANG Jie¹, HE Bin², FAN Jing¹, WANG Dewei¹, XIAO Xinbiao¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
2. China Railway Design Corporation, Tianjin 300142

Received:2018-06-04 Revised:2019-04-12 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2020-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高铁因线路形式不同使得其车外噪声特性有差异。为研究桥梁和路堤两种主要线路形式处的高速列车车外噪声特性，参考ISO 3095标准，使用78通道轮辐式声阵列、基于反卷积波束形成算法，对高速列车进行车外声源识别测试，使用自由场麦克风，对高速列车进行通过噪声测试，对比研究不同行车速度下两种线路形式处的高速列车车外噪声特性。结果表明，相同运行情况下，路堤段的通过噪声要比桥梁段的高0.1 dBA到1.8 dBA，且此差值会随列车运行速度的增加而增长。从车外声源分布特性来看，无论是桥梁段还是路堤段，300 km/h匀速运行时，高速列车的受电弓区域噪声均是最为显著的，其次是转向架区域。在桥梁段运行时，转向架区域噪声要略高于路堤段，这可能与桥梁段轨道整体刚度有关。在路堤段运行时，列车车身表面的噪声更大，这可能和路堤段的声音的地面反射有关。随列车运行速度的提高，两种线路对应的受电弓噪声差值逐渐减小，而转向架区域噪声的差值基本不随速度变化。

关键词: 高速列车, 车外噪声, 声源识别, 通过噪声, 桥梁, 路堤

Abstract: The exterior noise of high-speed trains varies according to different forms of high-speed railway lines. In order to study the difference of the two main types of lines, namely bridges and embankments, on the characteristics of external noise of high-speed trains, referred to the ISO 3095 standard, based on the anti-convolution beam-forming algorithm, a microphone array with 78 channels is used to identify external sources of high-speed trains experimentally. The pass-by noise of high-speed train are measured by free-filed microphone. Through noise tests, the exterior noise characteristics of high-speed trains in two types of lines under different speeds are compared and analyzed. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the pass-by noise of high-speed train running on the embankment section is 0.1 dBA to 1.8 dBA higher than that of the bridge section, and this difference will enlarge with the increase of train running speed. According to the distribution characteristics of sound sources of the vehicle, the noise in the pantograph area of the high-speed train is most significant in the bridge section or the embankment section when train running at a speed of 300 km/h, followed by the bogie area. When the train runs on the bridge section, the bogie area noise is slightly higher than the embankment section, which may be related to the overall stiffness of the track of bridge section. During the train operation on the embankment section, the noise on the surface of the train body is greater, which may result in the ground reflection in the embankment section. With the increase of speed, the difference between the pantograph noise at the two types of lines gradually becomes smaller, while their difference between the bogie area noise at the two types of lines remains basically unchanged.

Key words: high-speed trains, external noise, source identification, pass-by noise, bridge, embankment

中图分类号:

U238
U270

杨妍, 张捷, 何宾, 范静, 王德威, 肖新标. 基于试验测试的桥梁与路堤区段高速列车车外噪声特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(20): 188-197.

YANG Yan, ZHANG Jie, HE Bin, FAN Jing, WANG Dewei, XIAO Xinbiao. Analysis on Exterior Noise Characteristics of High-speed Trains in Bridges and Embankments Section Based on Experiment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(20): 188-197.

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基于试验测试的桥梁与路堤区段高速列车车外噪声特性分析

Analysis on Exterior Noise Characteristics of High-speed Trains in Bridges and Embankments Section Based on Experiment

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