高速铁路轮轨磨损特征、机理、影响和对策——车轮踏面横向磨耗

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 系统分析总结我国高速铁路轮轨断面横向磨耗情况、特征、形成机理、对车辆动态行为的影响以及对策研究。高速车轮踏面横向磨耗以在名义滚动圆处形成凹坑磨耗和轮缘磨耗为主，主要发生在相对高的等效锥度和具有较厚轮缘的轮对上。车轮踏面横向凹坑磨耗与高速轨道高平直度和高速列车高运行平稳性密切相关。轮轨平稳地高速滚动接触，导致轮轨接触光带狭窄平直，且主要集中在名义滚动圆附近，此处车轮踏面材料磨耗累积迅速形成凹坑，轮对的等效锥度迅速增大。凹坑磨耗在一定深度范围内，将会引起轮对横向晃动，影响车辆的舒适性。提出7个方面的措施，来抑制或减缓车轮踏面凹坑磨耗。最后讨论了钢轨断面横向磨耗情况，主要反映在小半径曲线处外轨内侧磨耗，原因类似普通线路小半径曲线钢轨侧磨情况，也是车轮轮缘磨耗的主要原因，简单讨论减缓措施。所做的工作将对我国高速铁路轮轨型面和硬度匹配深入研究提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 车轮凹坑磨耗, 措施, 高速轨道, 高速列车, 轮轨关系

Abstract: This paper carries out the detailed analysis and summary of the transverse wear of high-speed wheel/rail of China, including its characteristics, the formation mechanism, its effect on high-speed train dynamic behavior and the measures against such wear pattern. The transverse wear mainly includes the hollow wear or concave wear on wheel tread and the wheel flange wear, and mainly occurs on the wheelsets with relatively high equivalent conicity and the thicker wheel flange. The transverse concave wear is closely related to the high straightness of track and the high running stability of train. The smooth rolling contact of wheel/rail can result in a narrow and straight running surface on the wheel and rail. The narrow running surface on the wheel tread and near the nominal rolling circle of the wheel means that the wear rate of wheel material on the running surface rapidly increases with an increase of mileage, and the concave wear on the tread forms easily and the equivalent conicity of the wheelset increases rapidly. When the concave wear is in a certain depth range, wheelset hunting occurs and the comfort of vehicle drops. The paper proposes seven measures to suppress or slow down the concave wear near the nominal rolling circle of wheel.

Key words: high-speed track, high-speed train, measure, wheel hollow wear, wheel/rail relationship

中图分类号:

U211

金学松, 赵国堂, 梁树林, 陶功权, 崔大宾, 温泽峰. 高速铁路轮轨磨损特征、机理、影响和对策——车轮踏面横向磨耗[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(4): 3-13.

JIN Xuesong, ZHAO Guotang, LIANG Shulin, TAO Gongquan, CUI Dabin, WEN Zefeng. Characteristics, Mechanisms, Influences and Counter Measures of High Speed Wheel/Rail Wear: Transverse Wear of Wheel Tread[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(4): 3-13.

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