典型构筑植物表面不同湿度条件下黏附和摩擦特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2017.21.086

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用原子力显微镜的胶体探针技术，对不同湿度条件下四种具有典型构筑（光滑二维蜡质层、微褶皱、大褶皱、三维蜡质晶体）的原始植物表面以及两种氯仿处理后的植物样品表面的黏附力和摩擦力进行定量测试和分析。试验结果表明：冬青叶表面光滑二维蜡质涂层降低了其表面能和亲水特性，这不仅降低胶体探针与其表面在干燥条件下固固接触的摩擦力和黏附力，而且有效地阻碍了小湿度条件下液桥的形成，提高了其在小湿度条件下的脱附性能；荔枝叶表面微褶皱结构特征增大了固固接触的缝隙，不利于空气中的水蒸气冷凝并在毛细力的作用下形成液桥，从而在更大的湿度范围内提高了其脱附能力，脱附效果优于二维蜡质涂层；仙客来表面大褶皱特征和猪笼草表面三维蜡质晶体能有效排除接触界面附近的水蒸气，在干燥条件和高湿度条件下均能保持高效脱附功能，而猪笼草表面的微结构特征和蜡质晶体低表面能的耦合作用使其具有比仙客来表面大褶皱结构特征更优良的脱附功能。这些研究成果为仿生反黏附表面的设计和制备提供了理论依据。

关键词: 典型构筑, 胶体探针, 摩擦力, 黏附力, 湿度

Abstract: Colloidal probes, based on the high precision of atomic force microscope (AFM), are employed to measure the adhesion and friction of original plant surfaces characterized with four typical architectures (smooth two-dimensional wax layers, low cuticular folds, high cuticular folds, three-dimensional wax crystals) and two plant surfaces exposed to chloroform in dry and various humidity environments. The results show that the surface energy and hydrophilicity of holly leaves are reduced by their smooth two-dimensional wax layers, which could not only lower the friction and adhesion between the colloidal probe and plant surfaces under dry conditions, but also prevent the formation of capillary bridges in ambient air with a low humidity, thus enhancing the desorption capability. The surface structure of Litchi leaves with low cuticular folds increases the gap between two interactive surfaces, against the formation of capillary bridges by the vapor condensation. As a consequence, the anti-adhesion performance of their surfaces is improved and better than that of two-dimensional wax layers in a wide range of humidity conditions. Water vapor around contact areas is excluded by cyclamen persicum leaves with high cuticular folds and nepenthes surfaces with three-dimensional wax crystals, making them possess a strong anti-adhesion capacity either in dry or high humidity ambient air. The coupling of three-dimensional architecture and wax crystals with low surface energy keeps the slippery surface of nepenthes presenting a better anti-adhesion effect than that of cyclamen persicum leaves with high cuticular folds. The results above provide a theoretical foundation for the design and preparation of bionic anti-adhesion surfaces.

Key words: adhesion, colloidal probe, friction, humidity, typical architecture

中图分类号:

TG156

王玉娟, 宋小闯, 杨决宽, 毕可东, 陈云飞. 典型构筑植物表面不同湿度条件下黏附和摩擦特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(21): 86-94.

WANG Yujuan, SONG Xiaochuang, YANG Juekuan, BI Kedong, CHEN Yunfei. Adhesion and Friction Properties of Plant Surfaces with Typical Architectures in Different Humidity Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(21): 86-94.

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