Bionic Structured Laser Nitriding and Anti-cavitation Performance of TC4 Alloy

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.21.387

Abstract

Abstract: In view of the problems of traditional laser gas nitriding, such as difficult to deal with large areas and easy to crack, a bionic structured laser gas nitriding method is proposed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy surface by combining laser nitriding with texture. The bionic structured surfaces of stripe, square, positive triangle and positive hexagon are designed and fabricated, and the microhardness, microstructure and phase composition of the bionic structured units are analyzed in detail. The wear resistance and cavitation resistance of integral and structured nitriding samples are compared and analyzed, and the failure mechanism is studied. The results show that the average hardness of the nitride layer is 850 HV_0.3, and the surface and middle part of the nitride layer are composed of dendrites and nitrogenous solid solution. The phase composition of the nitride layer includes α-Ti, TiN and TiN_x_(0<x<1).The wear of the nitride layer is mainly abrasive wear, and the change of surface structure plays a role in alleviating the cavitation damage. The wear resistance of the overall nitrided and structured nitrided specimens is about 3 times higher than that of the matrix, and the friction coefficient and wear amount of the nitrided specimens with the regular hexagonal structure are the lowest. The improvement of the cavitation resistance of the structured nitrided specimens is the result of the joint action of the surface hardness increase and the hardness characteristics between soft and hard. The laser nitriding composite biomimetic weaving technology is used to effectively improve the vapor corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface, and the prepared nitriding layer was uniform and crack-free.

Key words: laser gas nitriding, TC4 alloy, bionic coupling, abrasion resistance, anti-cavitation performance

CLC Number:

TG156

WU Guolong, ZHANG Yuqing, QIN Xinhui, WU Hao, WANG Ye, CHEN Zhijun, YAO Jianhua. Bionic Structured Laser Nitriding and Anti-cavitation Performance of TC4 Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(21): 387-396.

References

[1] 史进渊，李军，刘霞，等. 我国大型汽轮机技术研究进展与展望[J]. 动力工程学报，2022，42(6)：498-506. SHI Jinyuan，LI Jun，LIU Xia，et al. Research progress and prospect of large capacity steam turbine technology in China[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering，2022，42(6)：498-506.
[2] REDDY P N. Air-argon-steam or organic fluid combined power cycle with pulse detonation combustion for electric power plants[C]//ASME 2021 Power Conference，2021.
[3] ZHANG Z Y，YANG B，ZHANG D，et al. Experimental investigation on the water droplet erosion characteristics of blade materials for steam turbine[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part C-Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science，2020，235(20)：5103-5115.
[4] WU G L，YIN Y Y，ZHANG S，et al. Effect of laser texturing on the antiwear properties of micro-arc oxidation coating formed on Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2023，453：129114.
[5] GUO W，SUN R，SONG B，et al. Laser shock peening of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V titanium alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2018，349：503-510.
[6] WANG Y，YIN Y Y，WU G L，et al. The microstructure and cavitation erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by laser gas nitriding with scanning galvanometer[J]. Optics & Laser Technology，2022，153：108270.
[7] KAMAT A M，COPLEY S M，SEGALL A E，et al. Laser-sustained plasma (LSP) nitriding of titanium：A review[J]. Coatings，2019，9(5)：283.
[8] GEETHA M，KAMACHI MUDALI U，PANDEY N D，et al. Microstructural and corrosion evaluation of laser surface nitrided Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy[J]. Surface Engineering，2013，20(1)：68-74.
[9] CHAN C W，QUINN J，HUSSAIN I，et al. A promising laser nitriding method for the design of next generation orthopaedic implants: Cytotoxicity and antibacterial performance of titanium nitride (TiN) wear nano-particles, and enhanced wear properties of laser-nitrided Ti6Al4V surfaces[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2021，405：126714.
[10] ZONG X，WANG H M，TANG H B，et al. Microstructure evolution and mass transfer behavior during multi-pass laser surface nitriding process on titanium alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology，2023，466：129565.
[11] YUAN Y H，ZHANG P，ZHAO G P，et al. Effects of laser energies on wear and tensile properties of biomimetic 7075 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance，2018，27：1361-1368.
[12] 文品. TC4表面微纳组合结构耐磨耐腐蚀性能及其水下应用研究[D]. 西安：陕西科技大学，2022. WEN Pin. Study on Wear and Corrosion resistance and underwater application of TC4 surface with the micro and nano combination structure[D]. Xian：Shanxi University of Science and Technology，2022.
[13] 孙娜. 不同仿生耦合单元体对蠕墨铸铁摩擦磨损性能的影响[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2010. SUN Na. Influences of various biomimetic coupling units on the friction and wear behaviors of compacted graphite cast iron[D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2010.
[14] 周倜. 基于耦合仿生的强冲击磨料磨损部件耐磨性研究及应用[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2014. ZHOU Ti. Research and applications on the abrasive wear resistance of bionic enhanced working parts under high impact force[D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2014.
[15] 李秀娟. 蜻蜓翅膀功能特性力学机制的仿生研究[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2013. LI Xiujuan. Bionic investigation on mechanical mechanism of dragonfly wings functional characteristics[D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2013.
[16] 陶国灿. 超声振动辅助铣削鱼鳞状表面成形机理及表面性能研究[D]. 济南：山东大学，2016. TAO Guocan. Study on the forming mechanism and surface properties of ultrasonic vibration assisted milling for squamous surfaces[D]. Jinan：Shandong University，2016.
[17] ZAEH M F，BRANNER G. Investigations on residual stresses and deformations in selective laser melting[J]. Production Engineering，2010，4(1)：35-45.
[18] 赵子彤，鞠洪博，刘晨凯，等. 氮化钛薄膜研究进展[J]. 装备机械，2020(4)：8. ZHAO Zitong，JU Hongbo，LIU Chenkai，et al. Research progress of TiN film[J]. The Magazine on Equipment Machinery，2020(4)：8.
[19] FRANCK M，BLANPAIN B，OBERLNDER B C，et al. Surface modification of TiN hard coatings with concentrated solar energy[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells，1993，31(3)：401-414.
[20] CHASE M. NIST-JANAF thermochemical tables fourth edition[M]. New York：American Insitute of Pbysics，1998.
[21] WITTMER，MARC. Properties and microelectronic applications of thin films of refractory metal nitrides[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces & Films，1985，3(4).
[22] Li H，WANG J S，LI H Y，et al. Photocatalytic activity of (sulfur, nitrogen)-codoped mesoporous TiO₂ thin films[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates，2010，36(1)：27-37.
[23] TIWARI P，WU X D，FOLTYN S R，et al. Synthesis of epitaxial Pt on (100)Si using TiN buffer layer by pulsed laser deposition[J]. Applied Physics Letters，1994，65(21)：2693-2695.
[24] BELL T，SOHL M H，BETZ J R，et al. Formation of titanium nitride produced from nanocrystalline titanium powder under nitrogen atmosphere[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials，2010，5:610-615.
[25] ZHENG L，WU J J，ZHANG S，et al. Bionic coupling of hardness gradient to surface texture for improved anti-wear properties[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering，2016，13(3)：406-415.
[26] 李高松. 镍基合金功能表面耦合仿生激光熔覆工艺及其性能研究[D]. 锦州：辽宁工业大学，2019. LI Gaosong. Study on functional surface coupling bionic laser cladding process and properties of Nickel-based alloys[D]. Jinzhou：Liaoning University of Technology，2019.
[27] BRAUN D，GREINER C，SCHNEIDER J，et al. Efficiency of laser surface texturing in the reduction of friction under mixed lubrication[J]. Tribology International，2014，77(6)：142-147.
[28] 张成春，任露泉，王晶，等. 旋成体仿生凹坑表面流场控制减阻仿真分析[J]. 兵工学报，2009，30(8)：1066-1072. ZHANG Chengchun，REN Luquan，WANG Jing，et al. Simulation on flow control for drag reduction of revolution body using bionic dimpled surface[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2009，30(8)：1066-1072.