Abstract: In the basis of the characteristic of complex structures, the constraint functions are separated into local constraints and overall constraints, and a simple method for working constraint functions is presented. The constraint functions are normalized with violated constraint grade coefficients (VCGC) in this method, and the module is solved with relative difference quotient algorithm (RDQA). Numerical results of examples indicate that the method is feasible.

Key words: Constraint function, Large complex structures, RDQA, DEM, Force chains, Granular material, High velocity compaction, Quantization