Research Review on Loosening Mechanisms and Anti-loosening Methods of Threaded Fasteners

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.10.326

Abstract

Abstract: Loosening failure will cause the loss of the original functions of threaded fasteners and the reduction of the performance of mechanical products. In some cases, loosening failure even induces the fatigue fracture of fasteners, which may lead to serious safety accidents. Domestic and overseas scholars have carried out a lot of research on the loosening mechanisms and anti-loosening methods of threaded fasteners. In order to make researchers fully understand the research status of loosening mechanisms and anti-loosing methods and promote the in-depth studies of related issues, it is proposed that the loosening of threaded fasteners can be divided into two categories, i.e. non-rotation and rotation loosening, based on the statement of loosening connotation. Then the research status on loosening of threaded fasteners is reviewed from two aspects: non-rotation and rotation loosening. At the same time, the research status on anti-loosening methods of threaded fasteners is also reviewed from two aspects: traditional anti-loosening structure and novel anti-loosening structures. Finally, the paper is summarized, and the future research directions of loosening mechanisms and anti-loosening methods of threaded fasteners are prospected.

Key words: threaded fasteners, preload decrease, non-rotation loosening, rotation loosening, anti-loosening structures

CLC Number:

TG156

GONG Hao, LIU Jianhua, FENG Huihua. Research Review on Loosening Mechanisms and Anti-loosening Methods of Threaded Fasteners[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(10): 326-347,360.

References

[1] 宋莎.微小型零件精密装配中的螺纹副联接技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009. SONG Sha. Research on screw joint for precise assembly of miniature parts[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.
[2] 朱国权.螺栓联接质量在整车装配中的分析研究与应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011. ZHU Guoquan. Research on the quality of the screw joints in the automobile manufacture[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2011.
[3] HOLMES H. Seeking the perfect locking method for threaded fasteners[J]. Automation,1998,35(3):28-30,32.
[4] 史建成.基于逾渗理论的静密封建模方法与泄漏机理研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015. SHI Jiancheng. Research on modeling and mechanism of static sealing based on percolation theory[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2015.
[5] 环球网.保时捷将在华召回14571辆汽车因存在安全隐患[EB/OL]. https://society.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJHAeS. World Wide Web. Porsche will call back 14571 vehicles in China due to potential safety hazards[EB/OL]. https://society.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJHAeS.
[6] Rail accident investigation branch reports[R]. London:Department for Transport,2008.
[7] 腾讯新闻.深圳东部华侨城太空迷航游乐项目发生安全事故[EB/OL]. https://news.qq.com/a/20100630/000020.htm. Tencent News. Safety accident of space trek amusement project in Overseas Town East of Shenzhen[EB/OL]. https://news.qq.com/a/20100630/000020.htm.
[8] BICKFORD J H. An introduction to the design and behaviour of bolted joints[M]. New York:M. Dekker Inc.,2007.
[9] ECCLES W. Tribological aspects of the self-loosening of threaded fasteners[D]. Preston:University of Central Lancashire,2010.
[10] MEYER G,STRELOW D. How to calculate preload loss due to permanent set in bolted joints[J]. Assembly Engineering,1972,8:30-34.
[11] DIN 65151. Aerospace series-dynamic testing of the locking characteristics of fasteners under transverse loading conditions[S]. Berlin:German Engineering Association,2002.
[12] DENKERTA C H,KALKOWSKYB F,FLÜGGEC W. Experimental studies on the clamp length diameter ratio in highly stressed bolted joints[C/CD]//24th French Congress of Mechanics,Paris,2019.
[13] LIU J,OUYANG H,PENG J,et al. Experimental and numerical studies of bolted joints subjected to axial excitation[J]. Wear,2016,346-347:66-77.
[14] LIU J,OUYANG H,PENG J,et al. Study on self-loosening of bolted joints excited by dynamic axial load[J]. Tribology International,2017,115:432-451.
[15] ZHOU J,LIU J,OUYANG H,et al. Anti-Loosening performance of coatings on fasteners subjected to dynamic shear load[J]. Friction,2018,6(1):32-46.
[16] ZHANG M,ZENG D,WANG Z,et al. Loosening evaluation of bolted joints modified by fine particle bombardment under transverse cyclic loading[J]. Tribology Transactions,2018,61(6):1003-1012.
[17] ZHANG M,LU L,WANG W,et al. The roles of thread wear on self-loosening behavior of bolted joints under transverse cyclic loading[J]. Wear,2018,394-395:30-39.
[18] ZHANG M,ZENG D,LU L,et al. Finite element modelling and experimental validation of bolt loosening due to thread wear under transverse cyclic loading[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2019,104:341-353.
[19] GONG H,LIU J,DING X. Study on the mechanism of preload decrease of bolted joints subjected to transversal vibration loading[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B-Journal of Engineering Manufacture,2019,233(12):2320-2329.
[20] 巩浩,刘检华,丁晓宇.振动条件下螺纹预紧力衰退机理和影响因素研究[J].机械工程学报,2019,55(11):138-148. GONG Hao,LIU Jianhua,DING Xiaoyu. Study on the mechanism and influencing factors of preload decline for bolted joints under vibration[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2019,55(11):138-148.
[21] FISHER J,STRUIK J,KULAK G. Guide to design criteria for bolted and riveted joints[M]. New York:Wiley,1974.
[22] ABBOUD A,NASSAR S A. Viscoelastic strain hardening model for gasket creep relaxation[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2013,135(3):031201.
[23] YANG J,DEWOLF J T. Mathematical model for relaxation in high-strength bolted connections[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1999,125(8):803-809.
[24] NAH H,KIM W. Mathematical model on long-term relaxation of high strength bolts by coating thickness parameters of slip faying surfaces[C]//The 6th International Symposium on Steel Structures,2011:523-528.
[25] TENDO M,YAMADA K,SHIMURA Y. Stress relaxation behavior at high-tension bolted connections of stainless-steel plates[J]. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2001,123(2):198-202.
[26] GUO J,ZHENG X,ZHANG Y,et al. A unified continuum damage mechanics model for predicting the stress relaxation behavior of high-temperature bolting[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2014,136(1):011203.
[27] BS EN 10319-2. Metallic materials tensile stress relaxation testing procedure for bolted joint models[S]. London:British Standards Institution,2006.
[28] JIANG Y,ZHANG M,LEE C. A study of early stage self-loosening of bolted joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2003,125(3):518-526.
[29] 侯世远,廖日东.塑性变形演化对螺纹联接松动的影响研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2015,35(9):924-930. HOU Shiyuan,LIAO Ridong. Influence of ratcheting on self-loosening of bolted joint[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2015,35(9):924-930.
[30] GOODIER J N,SWEENEY R J. Loosening by vibration of threaded fastenings[J]. Mechanical Engineering,1945,67:798-802.
[31] SAUER J A,LEMMON D C,LYNN E K. Bolts:How to prevent their loosening[J]. Machine Design,1950,22:133-139.
[32] PALAND E G. Investigation of the locking features of dynamically loaded bolted connections[M]. Hannover:University of Hannover,1966.
[33] GAMBRELL S C. Why bolts loosen[J]. Machine Design,1968,40:163-167.
[34] HONGO K. Loosening of bolt and nut fastening[J]. Transaction of Japan Society Mechanical Engineering,1964,30:215.
[35] SAKAI T. Investigations of bolt loosening mechanisms:3rd report,on the bolts tightened over their yield point[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1979,22(165):412-419.
[36] JUNKER G H. New criteria for self-loosening of fasteners under vibration[J]. Society Automotive Engineering,1969,78:314-335.
[37] HESS D P. Threaded components under axial harmonic vibration:Kinematic analysis[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1996,118(3):423-429.
[38] HESS D P,DAVIS K. Threaded components under axial harmonic vibration,Part 1:Experiments[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1996,118(3):417-422.
[39] HESS D P,SUDHIRKASHYAP S V. Dynamic analysis of threaded fasteners subjected to axial vibration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193(5):1079-1090.
[40] HESS D P,SUDHIRKASHYAP S V. Dynamic loosening and tightening of a single-bolt assembly[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1997,119(3):311-316.
[41] BASAVA S,HESS D P. Bolted joint clamping force variation due to axial vibration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,210(2):144-154.
[42] IZUMI S,TAKE T,KIMURA M,et al. Self-loosening analysis of bolt-nut tightening system subjected to axial loading by three-dimensional finite element method[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,2007,73(732):869-876.
[43] SAKAI T. Mechanism for a bolt and nut self-loosening under repeated bolt axial tensile load[J]. Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering,2010,5(11):627-639.
[44] NASSAR S A,YANG X,GANDHAM S V T,et al. Nonlinear deformation behavior of clamped bolted joints under a separating service load[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2011,133(2):021001.
[45] YANG X,NASSAR S A,WU Z. Nonlinear behavior of preloaded bolted joints under a cyclic separating load[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2012,134(1):011206.
[46] YAMAMOTO A,KASEI S. Investigations on the self-loosening of threaded fasteners under transverse vibration[J]. Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering,1977,43(508):470-475.
[47] SAKAI T. Investigations of bolt loosening mechanisms:1st report,on the bolts of transversely loaded joints[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1978,12(159):1385-1390.
[48] TANAKA M,HONGO K,ASABA E. Finite element analysis of the threaded connections subjected to external loads[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1982,25(159):291-298.
[49] YAMAMOTO A,KASEI S. A solution for self-loosening mechanism of threaded fasteners under transverse vibration[J]. Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering,1984,18:261-266.
[50] KASEI S,ISHIMURA M,OHASHI H. On self-loosening of threaded joints in the case of absence of macroscopic bearing surface sliding loosening mechanism under transversely repeated force[J]. Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering,1988,54:1381-1386.
[51] VINOGRADOV O,HUANG X. On a high frequency mechanism of self-loosening of fasteners[M]. New York:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1989.
[52] ZADOKS R I,YU X. A preliminary study of self-loosening in bolted connections[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Nonlinear Vibrations,1993,54:79-88.
[53] ZADOKS R I,YU X,An investigation of the self-loosening behavior of bolts under transverse vibration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1997,208(2):189-209.
[54] NASSAR S A,HOUSARI B A. Effect of thread pitch and initial tension on the self-loosening of threaded fasteners[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2006,128(4):590-598.
[55] NASSAR S A,HOUSARI B A. Effect of thread and bearing friction coefficients on the vibration-induced loosening of threaded fasteners[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2007,129(4):484-494.
[56] NASSAR S A,HOUSARI B A. Study of the effect of hole clearance and thread fit on the self-loosening of threaded fasteners[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(6):586-594.
[57] NASSAR S A,YANG X. A mathematical model for vibration-induced loosening of preloaded threaded fasteners[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2009,131(2):021009.
[58] YANG X,NASSAR S A,WU Z. Criterion for preventing self-loosening of preloaded cap screws under transverse cyclic excitation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2011,133(4):041013.
[59] YANG X,NASSAR S A. Effect of thread profile angle and geometry clearance on the loosening performance of a preloaded bolt-nut system under harmonic transverse excitation[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels&Piping Division Conference,2011:393-404.
[60] PAI N G,HESS D P. Experimental study of loosening of threaded fasteners due to dynamic shear loads[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,253(3):585-602.
[61] PAI N G,HESS D P. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of threaded fastener loosening due to dynamic shear load[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2002,9(4):383-402.
[62] IZUMI S,YOKOYAMA T,IWASAKI A. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of tightening and loosening mechanism of threaded fastener[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2005,12(4):604-615.
[63] IZUMI S,KIMURA M,SAKAI S. Small loosening of bolt-nut fastener due to micro bearing-surface slip:A finite element method study[J] Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering,2007,1(11):1374-1384.
[64] KASEI S. A study of self-loosening of bolted joints due to repetition of small amount of slippage at bearing surface[J]. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design,Systems,and Manufacturing,2007,1(3):358-367.
[65] ZHANG M,JIANG Y,LEE C. Finite element modeling of self-loosening of bolted joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(2):218-226.
[66] DINGER G,FRIEDRICH C. Avoiding self-loosening failure of bolted joints with numerical assessment of local contact state[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2011,18(8):2188-2200.
[67] GONG H,LIU J. Some factors affecting the loosening failure of bolted joints under vibration using finite element analysis[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C-Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2018,232(21):3942-3953.
[68] YOKOYAMA T,IZUMI S,SAKAI S. Analytical modelling of the mechanical behavior of bolted joints subjected to transverse loading[J]. Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering,2010,4(9):1427-1443.
[69] DINGER G. Design of multi-bolted joints to prevent self-loosening failure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2016,230(15):2564-2578.
[70] CHEN Y,GAO Q,GUAN Z. Self-loosening failure analysis of bolt joints under vibration considering the tightening process[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(2):1-15.
[71] GONG H,LIU J,DING X. Thorough understanding on the mechanism of vibration-induced loosening of threaded fasteners based on modified Iwan model[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2020,473:115238.
[72] GONG H,LIU J,DING X. Study on local slippage accumulation between thread contact surfaces and novel anti-loosening thread designs under transversal vibration[J]. Tribology International,2021,153:106558.
[73] CLARK S,COOK J,Vibratory loosening of bolts[R]. SAE,660432,1966.
[74] SAKAI T. Investigation of bolt loosening mechanisms:2nd report,on the center bolts of twisted joints[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1978,21(159):1391-1394.
[75] YOKOYAMA T,OLSSON M,IZUMI S. Investigation into the self-loosening behavior of bolted joint subjected to rotational loading[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2012,23:35-43.
[76] HAVILAND G S. A logical approach to secure bolting and locking[R]. Newington:Loctite Corporation,1980.
[77] HAVILAND G S. Designing with threaded fasteners[J]. Mechanical Engineering,1983,105:1731.
[78] DONG Y,HESS D P. The effect of thread dimensional conformance on vibration-induced loosening[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1999,121(2):209-213.
[79] PAI N G,HESS D P. Influence of fastener placement on vibration-induced loosening[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,268(3):617-626.
[80] 杜永强,刘建华,刘学通,等.偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为研究[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(14):74-81. DU Yongqiang,LIU Jianhua,LIU Xuetong,et al. Research on self-loosening behavior of bolted joints under eccentric excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(14):74-81.
[81] ISHIMURA M,SAWA T,KARAMI A,et al. Bolt-nut loosening in bolted flange connections under repeated bending moments[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels&Piping Division,2010:405-413.
[82] BAUBLES R C,MCCORMICK G J,FARONI C C. Loosening of fasteners by vibration[R]. NJ:Elastic Stop Nut Corporation of America (ESNA),1966.
[83] FARONI C C. Maintaining tightness of threaded fasteners[R]. NJ:Amerace Corporation,1967.
[84] KOGA K. Loosening by repeated impact of threaded fastenings[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1970,13:140149.
[85] KOGA K. The effect of thread angle on loosening by impact[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1973,16:10101019.
[86] DAADBIN A,CHOW Y M. A theoretical model to study thread loosening[J]. Mechanical Machine,1992,27(1):69-74.
[87] KASEI S,MATSUOKA H. Considerations of thread loosening by transverse impacts[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division,1998,367:117-123.
[88] DONG Y,HESS D P. Shock-induced loosening of dimensionally non-conforming threaded fasteners[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,231(2):451-459.
[89] SHOJI Y,SAWA T. Self-Loosening mechanism of nuts due to impacts[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference,2008:219-225.
[90] SAWA T,ISHIMURA M,YAMANAKA H,et al. Mechanism of rotational screw thread loosening in bolted joints under repeated temperature changes[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference,2007,26439:231-238.
[91] SAWA T,ISHIMURA M,SHOJI Y,et al. Mechanical behavior of rotational screw thread loosening in bolted joints under repeated temperature changes[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference,2008,61690:245-252.
[92] IZUMI S,KIMURA M,SAKAI S. Evaluation of loosening proof performance of plain washer and flange nut by three-dimensional finite element analysis[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A,2006,72(721):1292-1295.
[93] PANJA B,DAS S. A study of anti-loosening ability of 5/8 BSW fasteners under vibration with high tension steel and stainless steel bolts[C]//1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms,2013:873-878.
[94] PINELLI JP,SUBRAMANIAN CS,TABORA J. Experimental study of breakaway highway sign connections[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2002,128(1):17-20.
[95] DRAVID S,TRIPHATI K,CHOUKSEY M. Experimental study of loosening behavior of plain shank bolted joint under dynamic loading[J]. International Journal of Structural Integrity,2015,6(1):26-39.
[96] DRAVID S,TRIPHATI K,CHOUKSEY M. Role of washers in controlling loosening of full threaded bolted joints[C]//2nd International Conference on Innovations in Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,2014,14:543-552.
[97] HESS D P,KEIFER O P,MOODY C B. Tests on loosening of aviation threaded fasteners with different washer configurations[J]. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2014,14:683-689.
[98] 王小杰,杨晓云,魏瑞霞,等.非金属垫片硬度对螺栓连接松动的影响研究[J].机械科学与技术,2018,37(7):1061-1067. WANG Xiaojie,YANG Xiaoyun,WEI Ruixia,et al. Effects of non-metalloc gasket hardness on loosening life of bolt connection[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2018,37(7):1061-1067.
[99] PANJA B,DAS S. Development of an anti-loosening fastener and comparing its performance with different other threaded fasteners[J]. Sadhana,2017,42(10):1793-1801.
[100] BHATTACHARYA A,SEN A,DAS S. An investigation on the anti-loosening characteristics of threaded fasteners under vibratory conditions[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory,2010,45:1215-1225.
[101] PANJA B,DAS S. Anti-loosening ability of 5/8 inch stainless steel BSW threaded fasteners[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings,2016,1754:030015.
[102] SAWA T,ISHIMURA M,YAMANAKA H. Experimental evaluation of screw thread loosening in bolted joint with some parts for preventing the loosening under transverse repeated loadings[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference,2006,93292:211-220.
[103] SAHA S,SRIMANI S,HAJRA S,et al. On the anti-loosening property of different fasteners[C]//13th National Conference on Mechanisms and Machines,2007,105:229-232.
[104] MAHATO K N,DAS S. A study on anti-loosening characteristics of different 3/8 bsw threaded fasteners[C]//14th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms,2009:409-415.
[105] KIMURA M,IZUMI S,SAKAI S. Self-loosening behaviour of a spring washer:three-dimensional finite element method study[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A,2007,73(734):1105-1110.
[106] IZUMI S,YOKOYAMA T,KIMURA M,et al. Loosening-resistance evaluation of double-nut tightening method and spring washer by three-dimensional finite element analysis[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2009,16:1510-1519.
[107] YOKOYAMA T,IZUMI S,SAKAI S. Loosening resistance evaluation of double-nut tightening method,spring washers,and conical spring washers; finite element study[C]//ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference,2008,61345:227-235.
[108] 莫易敏,王赓,满健康,等.弹簧垫圈在高强度螺栓连接中的防松性能分析[J].设计与研究,2014(9):73-76. MO Yimin,WANG Geng,MAN Jiankang,et al. The locking performance of spring washer in high strength bolt connection[J]. Design and Research,2014(9):73-76.
[109] 许成良,李志永.关于弹簧垫圈防松性能的探讨[J].制造&检测,2016,7:68-70. XU Chengliang,LI Zhiyong. Discussion on anti-loosing performance of spring washer[J]. Manufacturing&Detection,2016,7:68-70.
[110] JEONG J H,LEE H K,PARK K,et al. An investigation into the anti-releasing performance of a serrated bolt[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2015,29(12):5127-5132.
[111] SASE N,KOGA S,NISHIOKA K,et al. Evaluation of anti-loosening nuts for screw fasteners[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1996,56:321-332.
[112] 景秀并.双螺母防松振动性能分析与研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004. JING Xiubing. Analyze and study on anti-looseness properties of double-nuts[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2004.
[113] SAWA T,ISHIMURA M,NAGAO T. A loosening mechanism of bolted joints under repeated transverse displacements[C]//Pressure Vessels&Piping Conference,2012,78398:333-341.
[114] 苑雪涛,朱勇钢,严海纲,等.双螺母防松结构分析[J].矿山机械,2016,37(2):97-99. YUAN Xuetao,ZHU Yonggang,YAN Haigang,et al. Analysis of double nut structure[J]. Coal Mine Machinery,2016,37(2):97-99.
[115] 李天雷,刘锴,孙文东,等.振动工况下的双螺母结构防松性能研究[J].宇航总体技术,2018,2(4):52-58. LI Tianlei,LIU Kai,SUN Wendong,et al. Study on anti-loosening performance of double nut joint under vibration condition[J]. Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology,2018,2(4):52-58.
[116] KIMURA M,IZUMI S,SAKAI S. Tightening and self-loosening behavior of double-nut tightening system by three-dimensional finite element method[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A,2006,72(719):967-973.
[117] SAWA T,ISHIMURA M,KARAMI A. A bolt-nut loosening mechanism in bolted connections under repeated transverse loadings (effect of inclined bearing surfaces on the loosening)[C]//Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels&Piping Division,2010,25324,397-403.
[118] BOETTCHER A. Ramp breaks common thread of fastener failures[J]. Machine. Design,2006,78(19):82-88.
[119] 张翼,吴云峰,方红荣,等.楔形螺纹紧固件性能试验研究[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2020,372(1):123-126. ZHANG Yi,WU Yunfeng,FANG Hongrong,et al. Experimental research on characters for wedging screw thread locknuts[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles,2020,372(1):123-126.
[120] TREMSIN A S,YAU T Y,KOCKELMANN W. Non-destructive examination of loads in regular and self-locking spiralockvr threads through energy resolved neutron imaging[J]. Strain,2016,52(6):548-558.
[121] 李天雷,李宏,邓智昌,等.轴向预紧力对楔形螺母防松性能的影响[J].矿山机械,2018,46(5):60-63. LI Tianlei,LI Hong,DENG Zhichang,et al. Influence of axial pre-tightening force on anti-loosening performance of wedge nut[J]. Mining&Processing Equipment,2018,46(5):60-63.
[122] LIU J,GONG H,DING X. Effect of ramp angle on the anti-loosening ability of wedge self-locking nuts under vibration[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2018,140:072301.
[123] RICHES D M. Report on vibration testing of threaded fasteners[R]. London:British Aircraft Corporation Report,1971.
[124] FINKELSTON R J. How much shake can bolted joints take[J]. Machine Design,1972,44:122125.
[125] ECCLES W,SHERRINGTON I,ARNELL R D. Towards an understanding of the loosening characteristics of prevailing torque nuts[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2010,224:483-495.
[126] JUNG S P,PARK T W,YOON J W,et al. Design optimization of spring of a locking nut using design of experiments[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2009,10(4):77-83.
[127] CARCATERRA B,NGAILE G. Investigation of energy storage in bolted joint components and the development of a geometry selection design tool for Belleville washers[J]. Engineering Structures,2019,178:436-443.
[128] YOKOYAMA T,OISHI K,KIMURA M,et al. Evaluation of loosening resistance performance of conical spring washer by three-dimensional finite element analysis[J]. Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering,2008,2(1):38-46.
[129] KANDREEGULA S K,JAIN R,PRASAD S,et al. Innovative approach of wedge washer to avoid bolt loosening in automotive applicationsp[J]. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical System,2018,11(1):45-52.
[130] 刘检华,巩浩,丁晓宇.振动条件下楔形垫圈的防松性能研究[J].振动与冲击,2019,38(5):38-44,70. LIU Jianhua,GONG Hao,DING Xiaoyu. Anti-loosening performance of wedge washers under vibration[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,38(5):38-44,70.
[131] 孙峰,唐宗才.唐氏螺纹的防松原理及效果[J].机械工程师,2002(5):13-15. SUN Feng,TANG Zongcai. The anti-loosening principle and effect of tang thread[J]. Mechanical Engineer,2002(5)13-15.
[132] 唐宗才.唐氏螺纹:从螺纹结构解决螺纹松动问题[J].机械工程师,2019(3):79-81. TANG Zongcai. TANGS thread:Threaded structure for solving thread looseness problems[J]. Mechanical Engineer,2019(3):79-81.
[133] 张忠伟,刘锴,林海燕.螺纹连接件胶结防松技术的现状与应用[J].军民两用技术与产品,2012,12:45-47. ZHANG Zhongwei,LIU Kai,LIN Haiyan. Present situation and application of cementation anti-loosing technology for threaded connector[J]. Dual Use Technologies&Products,2012,12:45-47.
[134] CHEATHAM C A,ACOSTA C F,HESS D P. Tests and analysis of secondary locking features in threaded inserts[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2009,16:39-57.
[135] 温楠,刘锴,张忠伟.螺纹连接件胶接防松性能测试技术研究[J].航天标准化,2014(3):9-12. WEN Nan,LIU Kai,ZHANG Zhongwei. Research on testing technology for anti-loosing performance of threaded glue[J]. Aerospace Standardization,2014(3):9-12.
[136] 关洋,徐武彬,王国安.螺纹锁固胶的防松效果探讨[J].机械研究与应用,2013,26(2):170-172. GUAN Yang,XU Wubin,WANG Guoan. Anti-loosening effect discussion of thread locking glue[J]. Mechanical Research&Application,2013,26(2):170-172.
[137] 巩浩,刘检华,丁晓宇.横向振动条件下不同螺纹防松胶的性能对比试验[J].机械工程材料,2017,41:137-140,144. GONG Hao,LIU Jianhua,DING Xiaoyu. Comparison experiments of different types of anti-loosening adhesives under transverse vibration[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2017,41:137-140,144.
[138] 孔凌嘉,王晓力.机械设计[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006. KONG Lingjia,WANG Xiaoli. Mechanical design[M]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology Press,2006.
[139] NODA N A,XIAO Y,KUHARA M,et al. Optimum design of thin walled tube on the mechanical performance of super lock nut[J]. Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering,2008,2(6):780-791.
[140] 王琳.变螺距螺母防松性能分析及优化设计[D].沈阳:东北大学,2012. WANG Lin. Analysis of anti-looseness properties and optimization design of variable thread nut[J]. Shenyang:Northeast University,2012.
[141] RANJAN B S C,VIKRANTH H N,GHOSAL A. A novel prevailing torque threaded fastener and its analysis[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2013,135:101007.
[142] 杨广雪,谢基龙,谢云叶.基于有限元的一种新型螺母的防松机理研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(12):224-228,243. YANG Guangxue,XIE Jilong,XIE Yunye. Study on mechanism of anti-loosening of a new type of nut based on FEM[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(12):224-228,243.
[143] TAKEMASU T,MIYAHARA H. Development of thread rolled anti-loosening bolts based on the double thread mechanism and a performance evaluation[J]. JSME International Journal Series a Solid Mechanics and Material Engineering,2005,48(4):305-310.
[144] SHINBUTSUA T,AMANOA S,TAKEMASUB T,et al. Thread rolling and performance evaluations of a new anti-loosening double thread bolt combining a single thread and multiple threads[C]//International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity,2017,207,603-608.
[145] SUN Q,LIN Q,YANG B,et al. Mechanism and quantitative evaluation model of slip-induced loosening for bolted joints[J]. Assembly Automation,2019:AA-08-0152.
[146] SASE N, NISHIOKA K, KOGA S. An anti-loosening screw-fastener innovation and its evaluation[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1998, 77(1-3):209-215.
[147] SASE N, FUJII H. Optimizing study of SLBs for higher anti-loosening performace[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 119(1-3):174-179.
[148] ZHANG X, XIE J, HOU G. Development of anti-loosening nuts using shape memory alloys[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2000, 327-328:35-38.
[149] 李俊良,杜彦良,孙宝臣.铁基形状记忆合金防松螺母防断机理的数值分析[J].工程力学, 2005, 22(6):192-196. LI Junliang, DU Yanliang, SUN Baochen. Numeric analysis of the anti-breaking mechanism of FE-based SMA locknut[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2005, 22(6):192-196.
[150] 郭宝喜. Fe-Mn-Si形状记忆合金螺栓紧固防松研究[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2012. GUO Baoxi. Bolts fastening and anti-loosing research of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy[D]. Dalian:Dalian Maritime University, 2012.
[151] JIANG X, HUANG J, WANG Y. Finite element analysis for the self-loosening behavior of the bolted joint with a superelastic shape memory alloy[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(9):1592.