Abstract: With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the multifunctionalization of launch vehicles has become an important development direction for the future aerospace transportation system. The research focuses on mechanism technologies that enable the multifunctional development of launch vehicles, and systematically explains connotations, key technologies and challenges. First, the demand background and development trend of launch vehicle multifunctionalization are analyzed, and mechanism technology is proposed to be the core support for achieving multifunctionalization. Secondly, the process of relevant mechanism technologies accompanying the development of China launch vehicle and the characteristics of professional development of mechanisms at different stages are sorted out, and the launch vehicle mechanism entered a new stage of system integration development is proposed. Then, in order to explore the future development of mechanism technology, This research set up a two-stage reusable launch vehicle lunar landing mission scenario, and analyze the new development needs of landing mechanisms, pneumatic mechanisms, servo mechanisms, deformation mechanisms, separation mechanisms and new mechanisms in the entire mission profile. Finally, new opportunities and challenges faced by mechanism technology in solution innovation design, performance system verification, service reliability assessment, and intelligent development are discussed. Research shows that breakthroughs in mechanism technology will improve the mission adaptability and economicality of launch vehicles and promote the development of aerospace transportation systems to a more efficient, reliable, and economical direction.

Key words: launch vehicle, multifunctionality, mechanism technology, reusability