Soft Tissue Injury Risk in Chest and Abdomen of 3YO Child Based on Simulation and Animal Experiments

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.18.132

Abstract

Abstract: The chest and abdomen soft tissue injury risk to three-year old (3YO) child occupant in a child restraint system (CRS) is investigated by using finite element (FE) simulation and animal experiments, based on the UN R129 dynamic test regulation. In which, Q3 dummy FE models and total human model for safety (THUMS) 3YO Occupant Model Academic Version 4 (THUMS 3YO VA4C) and two types of CRSs (impact shield and 5-point harness) were used. The child kinematic response, chest physical injury parameters, and the chest soft inner organs parameters are compared in two types of CRSs. To clarify whether internal organ injuries due to chest compression can occur for an impact shield and a 5-point harness CRS, seven experiments are performed using Tibetan miniature pigs with weights ranging from 9.7 kg to 13 kg under dynamic loadings. The chest and abdomen soft tissue injury of the pigs is analyzed by autopsy and marked using Injury Severity Score (ISS). The simulation results show that significant difference of the kinematics and chest deformation observed in Q3 and THUMS 3YO FE models, the chest deformation rate of THUMS 3YO FE model is 39.25% in the impact shield CRS, which predicted a 50 percentage of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 4 injury risk. The stress and strain distribution of chest and abdomen visceral organs of THUMS 3YO in the two CRSs are larger than the injury threshold. Moreover, in the impact shield CRS, the distribution of the stress-strain and absolute value is larger than that in 5-point harness CRS, to predict a higher chest injury risk in impact shield CRS. Severe internal organ injuries (lung contusion, coronary artery laceration, liver laceration) are found for the CRS with an impact shield and the pigs' internal organ injuries without rib fractures could occur in the CRS equipped with an impact shield. The results can be benefit for investigating the chest injury mechanism of the children and development of the protection system for the children.

Key words: child occupant safety, CRS, chest and abdomen injuries, animal experiment, finite element analysis

CLC Number:

U461

HAN Yong, PENG Leyuan, PAN Di, TANG Huicong, HUANG Hongwu, MIZUNO Koji. Soft Tissue Injury Risk in Chest and Abdomen of 3YO Child Based on Simulation and Animal Experiments[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(18): 132-141.

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