• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (14): 355-363.doi: 10.3901/JME.260539

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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电动汽车绝缘电阻快速检测方法

张骞慧1,2, 熊瑞1, 侯金钢2, 储琦2, 朱宇华1   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学电动车辆国家工程研究中心 北京 100081;
    2. 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 北京 101300
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-08-29
  • 作者简介:张骞慧,男,1983年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为动力电池管理系统。E-mail:zhangqianhui@bjev.com.cn;熊瑞(通信作者),男,1985年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,IET Fellow。主要研究方向为动力/储能电池管理与控制。E-mail:rxiong@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然学基金-小米创新联合基金(L223013)资助项目。

Rapid Detection Method for Insulation Resistance of Electric Vehicles

ZHANG Qianhui1,2, XIONG Rui1, HOU Jingang2, CHU Qi2, ZHU Yuhua1   

  1. 1. National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
    2. Strategy Development Department, Beijing Automotive Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300
  • Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2026-01-20 Published:2026-08-29

摘要: 电动汽车在线绝缘检测对保障车辆与电池安全至关重要。针对电动汽车常用的不平衡电桥法,分析电桥电阻切换后的过渡过程,以及该过程持续时间对绝缘电阻估计误差的影响规律。基于电桥切换后绝缘检测电路正负端电压及其对地电压的时间响应特性,提出了一种不平衡电桥绝缘电阻快速检测方法。通过外接电阻改变整车绝缘电阻状态,并与常规检测方法进行对比,结果表明:最大偏差在10%以内,绝缘电阻检测可在1~6 s内完成。利用仿真数据模拟实车运行工况下直流母线电压波动情况,即使在总电压快速变化时,该方法仍能快速、准确地检测绝缘电阻。提出的绝缘电阻快速检测方法,相比常规方法大幅缩短了检测时间,显著提升了绝缘检测的实时性,可有效应用于电动汽车绝缘电阻检测。

关键词: 电动汽车, 动力电池, 绝缘检测, 不平衡电桥法

Abstract: Online insulation detection for electric vehicles is crucial for ensuring vehicle and battery safety. Focusing on the unbalanced bridge method commonly used in electric vehicles, this paper analyzes the transient process after bridge resistance switching and the influence of its duration on insulation resistance estimation error. Based on the time-response characteristics of the positive and negative terminal voltages and their corresponding ground voltages after bridge switching, a rapid insulation resistance detection method using the unbalanced bridge approach is proposed. By externally connecting resistors to modify the vehicle’s insulation resistance state and comparing the results with conventional detection methods, the maximum deviation is shown to be within 10%, and the insulation resistance can be determined within 1-6 s. Simulation data are used to emulate DC bus voltage fluctuations under real-world vehicle operating conditions, demonstrating that the method remains capable of fast and accurate insulation resistance detection even during rapid changes in total voltage. The proposed rapid insulation resistance detection method significantly reduces detection time compared with conventional approaches, greatly enhances real-time performance, and can be effectively applied to insulation resistance detection in electric vehicles.

Key words: electric vehicles, insulation detection, insulation detection, electric bridge method

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