• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (10): 23-40.doi: 10.3901/JME.260271

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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基于多传感数据融合与扩增补偿的圆光栅编码器测角误差抑制方法

李常胜1,2, 丁建军1,2, 金雨生1,2, 刘阳鹏1,2,3, 王振翼1,2, 刘昕东1,2, 蒋庄德1,2   

  1. 1. 西安交通大学精密微纳制造技术全国重点实验室 西安 710049;
    2. 西安交通大学机械工程学院 西安 710049;
    3. 陕西阿拉丁精仪科技有限公司 西安 710115
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2026-07-29
  • 作者简介:李常胜,男,1989年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密/超精密加工与检测。E-mail:li.changsheng@xjtu.edu.cn;丁建军(通信作者),男,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密检测技术与仪器、精密超精密加工、工业大数据与智能制造。E-mail:dingjianjun@xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    东莞市重点领域研发(20231200300212)、陕西省重点研发计划“两链”融合高端机床重点专项(2021LLRH-01-01)、国家自然科学基金(52293405)、陕西省重点研发计划(2022QCY-LL-09)和中国博士后科学基金(2021M702593)资助项目。

Measurement Error Suppression of Circular Grating Angle Encoders Based on Multi-sensor Data Fusion and Augmentation Compensation

LI Changsheng1,2, DING Jianjun1,2, JIN Yusheng1,2, LIU Yangpeng1,2,3, WANG Zhenyi1,2, LIU Xindong1,2, JIANG Zhuangde1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049;
    2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049;
    3. Shaanxi Aladdin Jingyi Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710115
  • Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-11-15 Published:2026-07-29

摘要: 针对圆光栅编码器多传感数据融合的测角误差形成不清晰、测角误差补偿数据不足等问题,基于多传感器谐波误差抑制原理,采用等幅值方法对安装误差的影响进行研究,揭示了圆光栅安装偏心、倾斜和轴系晃动对光栅谐波误差抑制效果的影响,发现安装误差会导致高阶谐波的抑制效果变差。利用开放式光栅和精密回转轴系搭建了多传感布局光栅精度测试平台,通过8个传感器均布将系统误差为±2.78″的圆光栅编码器的测角误差降低至±0.5″。针对编码器中的残余系统误差,综合对比了分段线性插值、三次样条插值和谐波补偿算法的补偿效果,发现分段线性插值和三次样条插值的效果更好。基于光栅测角误差的谐波特性提出了基于分组校准的数据扩增与整合方法,此时分段线性插值补偿具有最佳的补偿效果,最终将8个传感器布局下圆光栅编码器非校准点处的测角误差降低至±0.4″。

关键词: 圆光栅, 编码器, 误差补偿, 测角误差, 安装误差

Abstract: The formation mechanism of angular measurement error of multi-sensor angle encoder is unclear, and the calibrated data of angle encoder is insufficient for high-precision error compensation. Therefore, the equal amplitude method is used to study the influence of installation error on the angular measurement error, based on the principle of harmonic error suppression for multi-sensor encoder. The influence of grating eccentricity, grating tilt, and shaft system vibration on harmonic error suppression effect is revealed. It is found that the installation errors result in degradation of the suppression performance of higher-order harmonics. The open grating and precision rotary axis were used to build an encoder accuracy test platform with multiple sensors evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The angular measurement error of an encoder with a systematic error of ±2.78″ was improve to ±0.5″ through the uniform distribution of 8 sensors. In order to suppress the residual system error, the error compensation performance of the segmented linear interpolation, cubic spline interpolation and harmonic compensation algorithms are comprehensively compared. It is found that segmented linear interpolation and cubic spline interpolation are more effective. A data augmentation and integration method using group calibration is proposed based on the harmonic characteristics of the angular measurement error of circular grating. The results indicate that the segmented linear interpolation algorithm has the best compensating precision. The angular measurement error at the non-calibrated points was finally decreased to ±0.4″ for the angle encoder with 8 sensors evenly distributed.

Key words: circular grating, angle encoder, error compensation, angular measurement error, installation error

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