尺寸效应对EA4T车轴钢疲劳性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.16.137

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究载荷类型和试样尺寸对EA4T车轴钢疲劳性能的影响，首先采用旋转弯曲和轴向拉压两种加载方式，对最小截面直径分别为3 mm、6 mm和10 mm的EA4T车轴钢试样进行了疲劳试验；然后，利用高应力体积和威布尔分布理论分析载荷类型和试样尺寸对疲劳性能的影响；最后，基于应力梯度理论对材料的疲劳极限进行预测。结果表明：在试样最小截面直径相同的情况下，旋转弯曲加载条件下得到的疲劳强度总是大于轴向拉压加载条件下的结果；旋转弯曲加载条件下，疲劳强度随试样最小截面直径增大而减小，但在轴向拉压加载条件下并无该趋势，试样疲劳强度与最小截面直径无明显关联性；尺寸变化引起的应力梯度差异是EA4T车轴钢试样表现出尺寸效应的主要原因；量化了两种载荷类型疲劳极限之间的关系，提出的疲劳极限预测方法对试验数据有良好的拟合效果，可为EA4T车轴钢的疲劳极限预测提供参考。

关键词: 尺寸效应, EA4T车轴钢, 疲劳强度, 高应力体积, 应力梯度

Abstract: In order to study the influence of load type and sample size on the fatigue performance of EA4T axle steel, the fatigue tests of EA4T axle steel samples with the minimum section diameters of 3 mm, 6 mm and 10 mm were carried out by rotating bending and axial tension and compression. Then, the influence of load type and sample size on fatigue performance was analyzed by using high stress volume and Weibull distribution theory. Finally, the fatigue limit of the material was predicted based on the stress gradient theory. The results show that the fatigue strength obtained under the condition of rotating bending loading is always greater than that under the condition of axial tension and compression loading when the minimum section diameter of the specimen is the same. Under the condition of rotating bending loading, the fatigue strength decreases with the increase of the minimum cross-sectional diameter of the specimen, but there is no such trend under the condition of axial tension and compression loading. There is no obvious correlation between the fatigue strength of the specimen and the minimum cross-sectional diameter. The difference of stress gradient caused by size change is the main reason for the size effect of EA4T axle steel samples. The relationship between the fatigue limits of the two load types is quantified. The proposed fatigue limit prediction method has a good fitting effect on the test data, which can provide a reference for the fatigue limit prediction of EA4T axle steel.

Key words: size effect, EA4T axle steel, fatigue strength, high stress volume, stress gradient

中图分类号:

TG142

徐犇, 杨冰, 王栓程, 肖守讷, 阳光武, 朱涛. 尺寸效应对EA4T车轴钢疲劳性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 137-145.

XU Ben, YANG Bing, WANG Shuancheng, XIAO Shoune, YANG Guangwu, ZHU Tao. Size Effect on Fatigue Properties of EA4T Axle Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(16): 137-145.

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