脉冲磁场熔体处理对Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金DC铸造凝固组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.06.279

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金广泛用于汽车发动机零部件制造，Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金凝固组织细化有助于提升零部件机械性能。在Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金DC(Direct-chilling)铸造过程中采用自主开发的试验装置，对DC浇铸平台前端流槽内的Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金熔体进行脉冲磁场处理，细化铸锭凝固组织。通过分析磁场能量对合金熔体内团簇形成和演变过程的影响，发现磁场能量可降低合金熔体中团簇形成功，促进熔体中团簇数量增加并长大，形成大量接近临界尺寸的团簇，凝固时形成大量晶核。试验结果表明，脉冲磁场熔体处理后，Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金DC铸造凝固组织中α-Al和初晶Si尺寸减小，铸锭中心处α-Al和初晶Si细化率分别为41.4%和81.6%；凝固组织中耐热相尺寸减小21.6%，并且在基体中均匀分布；合金的室温硬度和抗拉强度分别提升34.3%和10.4%；铸锭内部组织和性能均匀性提升。

关键词: Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金, 团簇理论, 晶粒细化, DC铸造, 力学性能

Abstract: The Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy is used in engine parts manufacturing. The mechanical properties of parts can be improved through the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy solidification structure refinement. In this work, a newly developed experimental device is used to refine the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy DC (Direct-chilling) casting structure. The device is set on the launder of the casting platform to treat the alloy melt with the pulsed magnetic field. Besides, the effect of magnetic energy on the formation and proliferation of the clusters in the melt was presented. The result shows that during the pulsed magnetic field melt treatment, the formation work of the clusters decreased due to the magnetic energy, which stimulated the formation of the clusters near the critical size in the melt and facilitated the nucleation during the solidification. The experiment result shows that the size of α-Al and primary Si in the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni DC-casting billet are decreased by 41.4% and 81.6% after the pulsed magnetic field melt treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the heat-resisting phases are tiny and evenly spread in the matrix, and the size of the heat-resisting phases are decreased by 21.6%, and the solidification structure is homogenized. Compared to the conventional process, the hardness and tensile strength at room temperature were increased by 34.3% and 10.4%, respectively.

Key words: Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy, cluster theory, grain refinement, direct-chill casting, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG142

鲍鑫宇, 麻永林, 程桥, 苏怡卉, 王杰, 邢淑清. 脉冲磁场熔体处理对Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金DC铸造凝固组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(6): 279-286.

BAO Xinyu, MA Yonglin, CHENG Qiao, SU Yihui, WANG Jie, XING Shuqing. Effect of the Pulsed Magnetic Melt Treatment on Solidification Structure and Mechanics Performance of the Direct-chilling Casting Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(6): 279-286.

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