Cr、Si微量元素对钢/铝感应静压焊接接头组织及性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.02.178

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 178-187.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.02.178

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Cr、Si微量元素对钢/铝感应静压焊接接头组织及性能的影响

高恺^1,2, 顾红历^1,2, 李坤^1,2

1. 武汉科技大学汽车与交通工程学院武汉 430065;
2. 武汉科技大学分析测试中心武汉 430081

收稿日期:2023-02-15 修回日期:2023-08-21 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-04-09
通讯作者: 高恺(通信作者)，男，1989年出生，博士，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为汽车轻量化技术，智能制造。E-mail：gaokai@wust.edu.cn
作者简介:顾红历，男，1996年出生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为汽车轻量化、异种金属焊接。E-mail：2573450157@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905390)。

Cr, Si Trace Elements on Steel/Aluminium Induction Hydrostatic Welding Joint Organization and Properties of the Impact

GAO Kai^1,2, GU Hongli^1,2, LI Kun^1,2

1. School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065;
2. Analysis and Testing Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081

Received:2023-02-15 Revised:2023-08-21 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-04-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为推进汽车车身的轻量化研究，对Q235与5052H32(1号)、40Cr与5052H32(2号)、Q235与6061-T6(3号)三组试样进行了感应静压焊接试验。结果表明：界面处生长的金属间化合物(IMC)主要包括近钢侧舌状Fe₂Al₅相和近铝侧针状FeAl₃相两种，Fe₂Al₅相的Gibbs自由能小于FeAl₃相，故界面处Fe₂Al₅相优先生长；1至3号试样Fe₂Al₅相平均厚度分别为20 μm、14 μm、11 μm，对比1号和2号发现，40Cr钢中的Cr元素在界面处聚集并部分替换IMC中的Fe元素，降低Al在Fe中的扩散系数，抑制了Fe₂Al₅相的生成，因此2号试样中Fe₂Al₅相比1号试样薄6 μm；对比1号和3号发现，6061-T6铝合金中Si元素参与界面反应，以固溶体的形式抑制了Fe₂Al₅相的生长，因此3号试样中Fe₂Al₅相比1号试样薄9 μm；三种试样焊接头均为混合断裂，接头抗剪强度分别为31 MPa、68 MPa、73 MPa。

关键词: 感应静压焊接, 金属间化合物, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: In order to promote the research on the automobile lightweighting, a induction-pressure welding method was used to join three groups of Fe/Al specimens for Q235 & 5052H32 (No.1), 40Cr & 5052H32 (No.2) and Q235 & 6061-T6 (No.3). The results show that the intermetallic compounds(IMC) at the interface consists of the tongue-like Fe₂Al₅ phase on the near-steel side and the needle-like FeAl₃ phase on the near-aluminium side. The Gibbs free energy of the Fe₂Al₅ is less than that of the FeAl₃, leading to the preferentially growth for Fe₂Al₅ at the interface. The average thicknesses of Fe₂Al₅ for specimens 1 to 3 were 20 μm, 14 μm and 11 μm, respectively. Compared with No.1 and No.2, it was found that the Cr element in 40Cr steel gathered at the interface and partially replaced the Fe element in IMC, reducing the diffusion coefficient of Al in Fe and inhibiting the formation of Fe₂Al₅, so that the thickness of Fe₂Al₅ for No.2 is smaller than that of No.1 by 6 μm. Compared with No.1 and No.3, it was found that the Si element in 6061-T6 aluminium alloy participated in the interfacial reaction and inhibited the growth of Fe₂Al₅ in the form of solid solution, so that the thickness of Fe₂Al₅ for No.3 is smaller than that of No.1 by 9 μm. The fracture mode of these three specimens were all mixed and the shear strengths of Nos.1, 2 and 3 were 31 MPa, 68 MPa and 73 MPa respectively.

Key words: induction-static pressure welding, intermetallic compounds, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG456

高恺, 顾红历, 李坤. Cr、Si微量元素对钢/铝感应静压焊接接头组织及性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(2): 178-187.

GAO Kai, GU Hongli, LI Kun. Cr, Si Trace Elements on Steel/Aluminium Induction Hydrostatic Welding Joint Organization and Properties of the Impact[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(2): 178-187.

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Cr、Si微量元素对钢/铝感应静压焊接接头组织及性能的影响

Cr, Si Trace Elements on Steel/Aluminium Induction Hydrostatic Welding Joint Organization and Properties of the Impact

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