热等静压近净成形数值模拟研究现状与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热等静压是可实现大尺寸复杂高性能零件近净成形的粉末冶金技术，被广泛应用于航空航天、海洋工程等特种领域中面向严苛服役环境的关键零件的成形制造。数值模拟可为复杂高性能零件包套与型芯设计提供科学依据和热-力耦合作用下粉末致密化提供理论支撑，是实现零件形性可控的重要基石。为此，重点综述了热等静压数值模拟的基本概念、发展历程、研究进展、面临问题和发展方向。首先介绍常用有限元数值模拟本构模型类型、特点和模拟效果，概述有限元指导包套逆向设计方法，随后分析有限元模拟中忽略粉末填充密度分布非均匀性等缺点和局限性，介绍考虑粉末颗粒离散特性的离散元-有限元耦合模拟方法与研究进展，最后展望热等静压数值模拟现有方法的瓶颈与未来潜在发展方向，为从事热等静压领域学者快速了解热等静压模拟的研究动态和发展趋势提供有益参考。

关键词: 热等静压, 近净成形, 数值模拟, 航空航天, 复杂高性能

Abstract: Hot isostatic pressing is a powder metallurgy technology that enables near-net shaping of parts with large sizes, geometrical complexity, and high performance. It is widely used to produce critical parts for harsh service environments in special fields such as aerospace and marine engineering. Numerical simulations can provide theoretical basis for the design of capsules and cores of complex high-performance parts, and theoretical support for powder densification under the combined impact of heat and force, which is an important cornerstone to realize the controllable shape and performance of parts. To this end, the review of the basic concepts, development history, research progress, problems and development direction of numerical simulation in hot isostatic pressing is discussed. Firstly, the types, characteristics and effects of commonly used finite element simulation constitutive models are introduced, and the method of reverse design of capsules guided by finite element method is summarized. Then, the shortcomings and limitations of ignoring the non-uniform distribution of powder filling density in finite element simulation are analyzed, and the research progress of the discrete element-finite element coupling simulation method considering the discrete characteristics of powder particles is introduced. Finally, the bottleneck and potential development direction of the existing methods of hot isostatic pressing simulation are discussed. It provides a useful reference for scholars in the field of hot isostatic pressing to quickly understand the research and development trends of hot isostatic pressing simulation.

Key words: hot isostatic pressing, near net shaping, numerical simulation, aerospace, complex structure and high performance

中图分类号:

TH124

田文卿, 蔡超, 郭瑞鹏, 史玉升. 热等静压近净成形数值模拟研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(1): 13-26.

TIAN Wenqing, CAI Chao, GUO Ruipeng, SHI Yusheng. A Review on Numerical Simulation of Near Net Shaping Hot Isostatic Pressing：Current Status and Future Prospects[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(1): 13-26.

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