锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法的研究进展与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.24.121

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 121-144.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.24.121

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锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法的研究进展与展望

李红刚¹, 张超^1,2, 曹俊超¹, 周典¹, 张美合¹

1. 西北工业大学航空学院西安 710072;
2. 西北工业大学民航学院太仓 215400

收稿日期:2022-01-31 修回日期:2022-07-20 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-04-03
通讯作者: 张超(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为复合材料力学、锂离子电池碰撞安全、冲击动力学、多尺度多场耦合仿真。E-mail:chaozhang@nwpu.edu.cn
作者简介:李红刚,男,1992年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为锂离子电池碰撞安全、多尺度多场耦合仿真方法、冲击动力学。E-mail:honggangli@mail.nwpu.edu.cn;张超(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为复合材料力学、锂离子电池碰撞安全、冲击动力学、多尺度多场耦合仿真。E-mail:chaozhang@nwpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51706187）。

Advances and Perspectives on Modeling Methods for Collision Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

LI Honggang¹, ZHANG Chao^1,2, CAO Junchao¹, ZHOU Dian¹, ZHANG Meihe¹

1. School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072;
2. School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400

Received:2022-01-31 Revised:2022-07-20 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锂离子电池以优异的电化学储能和循环性能，已成为电动汽车和电动飞机等新能源装备的主要动力源。然而，其受外部冲击、碰撞等载荷导致的结构失效、内短路、热失控以及起火/爆炸等安全问题，严重制约了其进一步的发展与应用。详细总结了锂离子电池结构特性和电池机械滥用试验方法，阐述了锂离子电池在机械滥用下从力学失效到内短路和热失控的多场耦合失效机理。在此基础上，系统地综述了近年来国内外学者在锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法方面的研究进展，从材料本构建模、电池单体的力学建模与仿真、多场耦合仿真方法等方面总结了仿真方法的研究现状。梳理了各类仿真方法的特点、适用性与局限性，并重点讨论建模方法、仿真精度和效率等关键问题。最后，对锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法存在的瓶颈问题和未来的发展趋势进行展望。可为锂离子电池的碰撞失效机理研究、建模仿真和安全设计提供系统的参考与指导。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 碰撞安全, 机械滥用, 数值仿真, 多场耦合

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as the main power source for new energy equipment such as electric vehicles and electrical aircraft with their excellent electrochemical energy storage and cycling performance. However, safety issues such as structural failure, internal short circuit and thermal runaway caused by external impact, collision and other loads have severely restricted the development and further application of LIBs. The structural characteristics and mechanical abuse test methods of LIBs is summarized in detail, and multi-field coupling failure mechanism of LIBs from mechanical failure to internal short circuit and thermal runaway under mechanical abuse is expounded. On this basis, the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of modeling methods for collision safety of lithium-ion batteries in recent years is reviewed systematically. And the research status of modeling methods from aspects of materials constitutive modeling, mechanical modeling and simulation of battery cell, and multi-field coupling modeling methods is summarized. The characteristics, applicability and limitation of various modeling methods are sorted out, and the key issues such as modeling method, simulation accuracy and efficiency are discussed. Finally, the bottleneck problems and further development trend in modeling methods for collision safety of lithium-ion batteries are discussed and prospected. A systematic reference and guidance for the study of crash failure mechanism, modeling and simulation, and safety design of lithium-ion batteries can be provided.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, collision safety, mechanical abuse, numerical simulation, multi-field coupling

中图分类号:

TM912

李红刚, 张超, 曹俊超, 周典, 张美合. 锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法的研究进展与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(24): 121-144.

LI Honggang, ZHANG Chao, CAO Junchao, ZHOU Dian, ZHANG Meihe. Advances and Perspectives on Modeling Methods for Collision Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(24): 121-144.

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锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法的研究进展与展望

Advances and Perspectives on Modeling Methods for Collision Safety of Lithium-ion Batteries

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