轻型无人机电池动态冲击性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.02.177

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 177-186.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.02.177

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轻型无人机电池动态冲击性能研究

刘新华¹, 郭斌¹, 何瑢¹, 贾璞², 刘小川³, 郭亚周³, 杨世春¹

1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院北京 100191;
2. 西安交通大学机械工程学院西安 710065;
3. 中国飞机强度研究所结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室西安 710065

收稿日期:2021-12-24 修回日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2023-03-30
通讯作者: 杨世春(通信作者),男,1974年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电动汽车能源动力系统优化与控制、飞行汽车能源动力系统、电动汽车智能无人驾驶。E-mail:yangshichun@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:刘新华,女,1988年出生,助理教授。主要研究方向为新能源汽车动力电池系统。E-mail:liuxinhua19@buaa.edu.cn;郭斌,男,1982年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为电池老化机理。E-mail:guobin2014@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2016YFB0100300）和国家自然科学基金（U1864213）资助项目。

Research on Dynamic Impact Performance of Light-UAV Battery

LIU Xinhua¹, GUO Bin¹, HE Rong¹, JIA Pu², LIU Xiaochuan³, GUO Yazhou³, YANG Shichun¹

1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710065;
3. Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, China Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Xi'an 710065

Received:2021-12-24 Revised:2022-05-25 Published:2023-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着民用无人机在各领域的大量应用，其安全问题引起了广泛关注，现有研究大多是以硬物撞击的形式分析无人机撞击航空器问题，很少关注其机载锂离子电池可能带来的安全隐患。为了更好地分析碰撞过程中轻型无人机电池包的破坏机理，先通过放电容量和倍率性能试验，进行电池寿命及一致性的评估，开展不同冲击能量的电池单体落锤冲击试验，研究冲击能量与单体失效模式的关系，随后通过不同荷电状态电池包的落锤冲击试验，研究其碰撞安全特性。结果表明，试验用单体和电池包均处于许用寿命范围内，且具有较好的一致性；冲击能量大小与单体的破坏模式密切相关，三个区域的冲击能量对应着三种不同的破坏形式，中等冲击能量对电池产生了最严重的破坏；机械冲击致使电池发生内短路，进而诱发热失控是导致电池包严重破坏的主要原因，这些结果为民用无人机整机碰撞问题的研究提供有益的启示。

关键词: 轻型无人机, 锂离子电池, 落锤试验, 安全, 热失控

Abstract: With the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in various fields, their safety issues caused by their collisions or crashes attract growing attention. Most of the existing studies analyze the impact of UAVs on civil aircraft in the form of hard object collisions, and seldom pay attention to the potential thermal runaway caused by their onboard lithium-ion batteries. In order to study the damage mechanism of the battery pack, the state of health(SOH) and consistency of battery are examined and the interaction between impact energy and failure mode is investigated through the drop-weight tests of cells. In addition, the safety behaviors of the light-UAV battery pack with different states of charge are studied under dynamical loading. The results show that both the cells and battery pack are within their allowable life and have good consistency; the impact energy value is closely related to the way of damage mode. The impact energy of the three areas corresponds to the three types of damage modes. Furthermore, the higher state of charge(SOC) and medium loading increases the damage of battery. And dynamic mechanical loading that triggers internal short circuit and thermal runaway of battery pack is the main reason for the severe damage of the pack. The results provide useful insights into the research on the collision problem of UAVs.

Key words: light unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), lithium-ion battery, drop-weight test, safety, thermal runaway

中图分类号:

V279

刘新华, 郭斌, 何瑢, 贾璞, 刘小川, 郭亚周, 杨世春. 轻型无人机电池动态冲击性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(2): 177-186.

LIU Xinhua, GUO Bin, HE Rong, JIA Pu, LIU Xiaochuan, GUO Yazhou, YANG Shichun. Research on Dynamic Impact Performance of Light-UAV Battery[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(2): 177-186.

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轻型无人机电池动态冲击性能研究

Research on Dynamic Impact Performance of Light-UAV Battery

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