超窄间隙焊接过程绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧特性的数值模拟

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.02.069

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 69-76,85.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.02.069

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超窄间隙焊接过程绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧特性的数值模拟

李渊博¹, 杨涛², 郑韶先¹, 赵锡龙¹

1. 兰州交通大学材料科学与工程学院兰州 730070;
2. 西安石油大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710065

收稿日期:2019-02-28 修回日期:2019-07-30 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-03-11
作者简介:李渊博,男,1984年出生,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为高效焊接方法及焊接数值模拟。E-mail:liyuanbo1027@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51605384）和兰州交通大学青年科学基金（2018010）资助项目。

Numerical Simulation of Constricted Sheet Tungsten Electrode Arc Characteristic with Insulating Solid Wall in Ultra Narrow Gap Welding Process

LI Yuanbo¹, YANG Tao², ZHENG Shaoxian¹, ZHAO Xilong¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065

Received:2019-02-28 Revised:2019-07-30 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-03-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 绝缘固壁和片状偏钨极联合调控的方式能够改变超窄间隙中TIG电弧物理场分布，从而解决底角熔合不良的问题。为了明确超窄间隙焊接过程绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧特性的调控机理，采用满足求解域的偏微分方程组和合理边界条件，建立三维数学模型，求解获得不同约束作用下电弧温度场、流场及电场分布，其分布特征与已有的试验结果符合良好。模拟结果表明：超窄间隙中绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧温度场、流场及电场在坡口宽度方向上呈对称分布；绝缘固壁对片状偏钨极电弧产生阴极调控和阳极调控作用；改变约束高度能够实现阴极阳极联合调控，从而提升电弧电流密度，温度及等离子流速，并有效限制侧壁分流；约束宽度的变化仅能提供阴极调控作用使电流密度，温度和等离子流速增加，但无法限制侧壁分流；阴极调控和阳极调控作用越强，超窄间隙中约束电弧高温区，电流密度及阴极射流向钨极放电间隙小的位置偏移越明显。

关键词: 约束电弧, 三维模型, 数值模拟, 超窄间隙焊接

Abstract: The TIG arc characteristics in ultra narrow gap could be changed by the combined regulation of sheet tungsten electrode and insulating solid wall for avoiding lack of fusion on the corner of square groove. For understanding the regulation mechanism of constricted sheet tungsten electrode arc characteristic with insulating solid wall in ultra narrow gap welding, the three-dimensional quasi-steady state mathematical model of constricted sheet tungsten electrode arc characteristic with insulating solid wall in ultra narrow gap welding process is presented based on a set of partial differential equations and reasonable boundaries conditions. The distributions of temperature, velocity and current density of constricted arc in ultra narrow gap welding process are obtained with different constricted effect of insulating solid wall. The results show that the temperature field, flow field and electric field of constricted sheet tungsten electrode arc with insulating solid wall in ultra narrow gap welding process are symmetric at width direction of ultra narrow gap groove; the insulating solid wall would change the characteristics of constricted arc by cathode and anode control effect; the different constricted height could provide combined regulation of cathode and anode control effect, by which the maximum current density, temperature and plasma velocity of constricted arc enhanced; meanwhile this combined regulation would also restrict the flow of arc current on the side; the variation of constricted width would only bring about cathode control effect to take greater current density, temperature and plasma velocity of constricted arc, and the flow of arc current on the side could not be avoided; when the cathode and anode control effects are stronger, the higher temperature region, current density and cathode jet of constricted arc in ultra narrow gap groove could shift further to the location of sheet tungsten electrode with smaller discharge gap.

Key words: constricted arc, three dimension model, numerical simulation, ultra narrow gap welding

中图分类号:

TG403

李渊博, 杨涛, 郑韶先, 赵锡龙. 超窄间隙焊接过程绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧特性的数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(2): 69-76,85.

LI Yuanbo, YANG Tao, ZHENG Shaoxian, ZHAO Xilong. Numerical Simulation of Constricted Sheet Tungsten Electrode Arc Characteristic with Insulating Solid Wall in Ultra Narrow Gap Welding Process[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(2): 69-76,85.

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超窄间隙焊接过程绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧特性的数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Constricted Sheet Tungsten Electrode Arc Characteristic with Insulating Solid Wall in Ultra Narrow Gap Welding Process

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