Dynamic Performance Detection Method for High Speed on/off Valve Based on the Multi-order Derivative Characteristic of the Current

doi:10.3901/JME.260132

Abstract

Abstract: High speed on/off valve(HSV) is a pivotal control component of digital hydraulic system, owing to its rapid response, straightforward structure, and robust pollution resistance. Dynamic characteristic not only serves as a crucial index in evaluating the performance of HSV, but also plays a key role in ensuring the response speed and control precision of digital hydraulic system. However, the compact design and installation methods like cartridge or riveting make it difficult for the existing detection methods to accurately obtain the movement process of the spool. Thus, achieving high-precision detection of HSV’s dynamic performance has become an urgent problem in the field of digital hydraulic. A dynamic performance detection method for HSV based on the multi-order derivative characteristic of the current is proposed. An electrical-magnetic-mechanical multi-field coupling mathematical model of HSV is established. Based on the model, the variation of current derivative throughout each HSV motion stage is deduced. The conclusion is obtained that the convex/concave point appears on the current second-order derivative curve at the critical opening/closing moment of HSV, and the upward/downward folding point appears on the current first-order derivative at the fully opening/closing moment. The experimental results show that the current characteristic judgment method proposed in this research is suitable for the dynamic performance testing of HSV in a variety of construction types. Compared with the results of Keyence laser displacement sensor and vibration sensor, the maximum deviation of the switching delay time and moving time is only 0.04 ms (3.7%) and the maximum deviation of the total switching time is only 0.02 ms (0.9%). The method provides a cost-effective, high-precision and strong-reliability means of dynamic performance detection for HSV, and helps to promote the further development and application of digital hydraulic technology.

Key words: high speed on/off valve, dynamic performance, spool velocity, multi-order derivative of current, current detection

CLC Number:

TH137

ZHONG Qi, HUANG Yi, XU Enguang, WANG Junxian, MAO Yongxin, HE Xianjian, WANG Jun, YANG Huayong. Dynamic Performance Detection Method for High Speed on/off Valve Based on the Multi-order Derivative Characteristic of the Current[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 366-376.

References

[1] 俞军涛，焦宗夏，吴帅. 大流量压电式高速开关阀设计与仿真测试[J]. 机械工程学报，2020，56(18)：226-234. YU Juntao，JIAO Zongxia，WU Shuai. Design，simulation and test of high-flow high-speed on/off valve driven by piezoelectric[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2020，56(18)：226-234.
[2] 穆洪远，程硕，李凯，等. 线性高速开关阀的设计及验证[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(22)：247-254. MU Hongyuan，CHENG Shuo，LI Kai，et al. Design and verification of linear high-speed on-off valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(22)：247-254.
[3] GAO Q，ZHU Y C，WU C W，et al. Development of a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution[J]. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering，2021，16：420-434.
[4] TAO J F，LEI J B，LIU C L，et al. Nonlinear static and dynamic stiffness characteristics of support hydraulic system of TBM[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，32：1-9.
[5] 俞滨，巴凯先，王东坤，等. 液压驱动单元位置控制系统前馈补偿控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(20)：159-169. YU Bin，BA Kaixian，WANG Dongkun，et al. Feedforward compensation control for hydraulic drive unit position control system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，54(20)：159-169.
[6] BA K，WANG Y，HE X，et al. Force Compensation control for electro-hydraulic servo system with pump-valve compound drive via QFT-DTOC[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，37(1)：27.
[7] 王玉文，朱玉川，凌杰，等. 滑阀式压电高速开关阀特性研究[J]. 航空动力学报，2024，39(11)：494-502. WANG Yuwen，ZHU Yuchuan，LING Jie，et al. Research on characteristics of spool type high-speed on/off valve driven by piezoelectric[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power，2024，39(11)：494-502.
[8] 姜惠文，马国鹭，肖俊. 先导式高压电磁阀开启特性的光学测量[J]. 液压气动与密封，2023，43(12)：22-25. JIANG Huiwen，MA Guolu，XIAO Jun. Optical measurement on opening characteristics of pilot operated high pressure solenoid valve[J]. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals，2023，43(12)：22-25.
[9] 田昊，赵禹任. 高速电磁阀开启特性的光学测量[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版)，2020，54(1)：17-22，32. TIAN Hao，ZHAO Yuren. Optical measurement of high-speed solenoid valve switching-on characteristics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science)，2020，54(1)：17-22，32.
[10] 钟麒，张斌，洪昊岑，等. 基于电流反馈的高速开关阀3电压激励控制策略[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版)，2018，52(1)：8-15，58. ZHONG Qi，ZHANG Bin，HONG Haocen，et al. Three power sources excitation control strategy of high speed on/off valve based on current feedback[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science)，2018，52(1)：8-15，58.
[11] WU S，ZHAO X，LI C，et al. Multiobjective optimization of a hollow plunger type solenoid for high speed on/off valve[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，2017，65(4)：3115-3124.
[12] 钟麒，何贤剑，李研彪，等. 自适应供油压力变化的高速开关阀控制策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(6)：224-235. ZHONG Qi，HE Xianjian，LI Yanbiao，et al. Research on control algorithm for high-speed on/off valves that adaptive to supply pressure changes[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(6)：224-235.
[13] ZHONG Q，JIA T W，XU E G，et al. A vibration-based measurement method for dynamic characteristic of solenoid switching valve[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement，2024，73：10.
[14] 钟麒，贾体伟，徐恩光，等. 基于振动特性的高速开关阀动态特性测试研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2025，61(6)：331-339. ZHONG Qi，JIA Tiwei，XU Enguang，et al. Test method for dynamic performance of high speed on/off valve based on vibration characteristic[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2025，61(6)：331-339.
[15] 陈淑梅，陈绍荣，李启正，等. 多狭缝高速开关阀的电-机械转换器动态特性[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报，2024. [2025-10-22]. https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001- 5965.2023.0594. CHEN Shumei，CHEN Shaorong，LI Qizheng，et al. Dynamic characteristics of electro-mechanical transducer with slits of high speed on/off valve[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2024. [2025-10-22]. https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023. 0594.
[16] 陈林，刘磊，杨福源，等. 柴油机燃油系统电磁阀闭合始点及反馈控制策略[J]. 机械工程学报，2010，46(18)：108-114，120. CHEN Lin，LIU Lei，YANG Fuyuan，et al. Diesel fuel system solenoid closure start-point and feedback control strategy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2010，46(18)：108-114，120.
[17] YUDELL A C，VAN D V J D. Predicting solenoid valve spool displacement through current analysis[J]. International Journal of Fluid Power，2015，16(3)：133-140.
[18] GAO Qiang，ZHU Yuchuan，WU Changwen，et al. Identification of critical moving characteristics in high speed on/off valve based on time derivative of the coil current[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part I：Journal of Systems and Control Engineering：2021，235(7)：1084-1099.
[19] 钟麒，徐恩光，贾体伟，等. 高速开关阀驱动控制方法研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报，2025，61(4)：290-301. ZHONG Qi，XU Enguang，JIA Tiwei，et al. Research status and prospect on the control method of high speed on/off valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2025，61(4)：290-301.