Study on the Viscoelastic Dynamic Sliding Friction Characteristics of Elevator Steel Belt Traction Wheel

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.157

Abstract

Abstract: Elevator traction steel belt is the core load-bearing and transmission component that replaces traditional steel wire rope to achieve elevator friction drive and lifting. However, it is prone to external viscoelastic coating wear during elevator operation, leading to degradation of steel belt performance and instability of friction transmission, seriously threatening the safety and reliability of the elevator system. To this end, the dynamic sliding friction pair of elevator steel belt traction wheel is taken as the research object, and a self-made steel belt friction and wear testing machine is used to conduct sliding friction tests on elevator steel belt under different contact loads and speeds. The variation law of the frictional characteristics of elevator traction steel belt is revealed, and the influence of the viscoelastic contact characteristics of the steel belt traction wheel sliding contact interface on friction, wear, and heat transfer performance is analyzed. The results show that the speed has a significant impact on the friction coefficient between the elevator steel belt and the traction wheel. Among them, influenced by schallamach waves, the average friction coefficient reaches its maximum value of about 0.51 at a speed of 0.5 m/s. The average friction coefficient of the elevator steel belt under different loads remains stable at around 0.4; The maximum friction temperature rise of the contact pair shows an overall upward trend, with a temperature rise of 80 ℃ at a speed of 1.25 m/s and a temperature rise exceeding 100 ℃ at a load of 500 N. The contact state between elevator steel belt and traction wheel mainly includes four stages: adhesion of viscoelastic coating layer, relative sliding between steel belt surface coating layer and traction wheel, third body rolling effect, and relative sliding between steel wire rope and traction wheel inside the steel belt. The wear mechanism of elevator traction steel belt gradually shifts from adhesive wear to three body abrasive wear, and finally to surface fatigue wear.

Key words: elevator steel belt, viscoelastic, friction, wear

CLC Number:

TH117

PENG Yuxing, ZHANG Xiuheng, CHANG Xiangdong, ZHOU Zhou, JIANG Gushuo, LU Hao, TANG Wei. Study on the Viscoelastic Dynamic Sliding Friction Characteristics of Elevator Steel Belt Traction Wheel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 157-169.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/10.3901/JME.2025.19.157

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V61/I19/157

References

[1] 周朦，邓冉，李明波. 电梯曳引钢带的失效原因分析及对策[J]. 中国电梯，2021，32(8)：23-24，36. ZHOU Meng，DENG Ran，LI Mingbo. Failure causes and the countermeasures on elevator traction steel belt[J]. China Elevator，2021，32(8): 23-24，36.
[2] 王帅. 电梯曳引钢带的检验分析[J]. 中国设备工程，2023(19)：150-152. WANG Shuai. Inspection and analysis of the elevator traction steel belt[J]. China Plant Engineering，2023(19)：150-152.
[3] KUMAR R，SWAMINATHAN G，LOGANATHAN G. Design and analysis of composite belt for high rise elevators[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings，2019，22: 663-672.
[4] SEKMEN H，ONUR Y. Mechanical properties of elevator ropes and belts exposed to corrosion and elevated temperatures[J]. Materials Testing，2024，66(2): 262-270.
[5] 虞杰. 探析钢带使用寿命的影响因素[J]. 中国特种设备安全，2018，34(02)：40-43，47. YU Jie. Analysis of the influence factors of steel band service life[J]. China Special Equipment Safety，2018，34(02)：40-43，47.
[6] XU C，PENG Y，ZHU Z，et al. Fretting friction and wear of steel wires in tension-torsion and helical contact form[J]. Wear，2019，432-433：202946.
[7] HUANG K，PENG Y，CHANG X，et al. Fretting wear behavior and strength degradation of helical contact steel wire in wire rope under different corrosive media and time-varying conditions[J]. Wear，2024，550-551：205413.
[8] 常向东，彭玉兴，朱真才，等. 重载传动钢丝绳摩擦磨损演化机理及服役性能退化特性研究[J]. 摩擦学学报，2023，43(12)：1393-1405. CHANG Xiangdong，PENG Yuxing，ZHU Zhencai，et al. Friction and wear evolution mechanism and service performance degradation characteristics of heavy-load transmission wire rope[J]. Tribology，2023，43(12)：1393-1405.
[9] SUN Z，XU C，PENG Y，et al. Fretting tribological behaviors of steel wires under lubricating grease with compound additives of graphene and graphite[J]. Wear，2020，454-455：203333.
[10] CHANG X，CHEN X，DONG Y，et al. Friction and wear behavior between crane wire rope and pulley under different contact loads[J]. Lubricants，2022，10：337.
[11] 张庆，郭永刚，彭玉兴. 矿物粉尘环境下矿井缠绕提升钢丝绳振动磨损特性研究[J]. 摩擦学学报，2024，44(8)：1107-1124. ZHANG Qing，GUO Yonggang，PENG Yuxing. Vibration-worn characteristics of winding hoisting wire rope in mine under mineral dust environment [J]. Tribology，2024，44(8)：1107-1124.
[12] AHMAD S，BADSHAH S，RAHIMIAN K，et al. Cumulative fretting fatigue damage model for steel wire ropes[J]. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures，2024，47(5)：1656-1676.
[13] CHEN Y，ZHANG P，QIN W，et al. Study on wear and contact behaviors in discrete elliptical contact areas of a cyclically bended regular lay wire rope[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2023，364：1-13.
[14] PENG Y，HUANG K，MA C，et al. Friction and wear of multiple steel wires in a wire rope[J]. Friction，2023，11(5)：763-784.
[15] SINGH R P，MALLICK M，VERMA M K. Studies on failure behaviour of wire rope used in underground coal mines[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2016，70：290-304.
[16] 张武，常浩文，赵书阳，等. 基于ARCHARD磨损模型的WR-CVT非连续接触钢丝绳磨损研究[J]. 摩擦学学报，2023，43(6)：706-716. ZHANG Wu，CHANG Haowen，ZHAO Shuyang，et al. Wear of WR-CVT discontinuous contact wire rope based on ARCHARD wear model[J]. Tribology，2023，43(6)：706-716.
[17] KUMAR K，GOYAL D，BANWAIT S. Effect of key parameters on fretting behaviour of wire rope：A review[J]. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering，2019：27：549-561.
[18] 宋神友，薛花娟，陈焕勇，等. 伶仃洋大桥锌-铝-稀土合金镀层钢丝腐蚀-疲劳耦合试验研究[J]. 桥梁建设，2022，52(2)：24-30. SONG Shenyou，XUE Huajuan，CHEN Huanyong，et al. Experimental research on corrosion-fatigue coupling of Zn-Al-Rare earth alloy coated steel wires of Lingdingyang bridge[J]. Bridge Construction，2022，52(2)：24-30.
[19] CHEN Y，MENG F. Numerical study on wear evolution and mechanical behavior of steel wires based on semi-analytical method[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2018，148：684-697.
[20] XU C，PENG Y，ZHU Z，et al. Influence of different mineral particles in lubricating grease on the fretting behavior between steel wires under different contact forms[J]. Wear，2021，472-473：203700.
[21] XU C，PENG Y，ZHU Z，et al. Fretting behavior evolution of steel wires with helical structure after adding ore particles in lubricating grease[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2021，124：105332.
[22] SCHALLAMACH A. Friction and abrasion of rubber[J]. Wear，1958，1(5)：384-417.
[23] LYUBICHEVA A，MEZRIN A，KUZNETSOV V，et al. Effect of viscous intermediate layer on uneven wear of locally hardened steel[J]. Tribology Letters，2024，72(1)：21.
[24] CHEN D，WU J，WANG Y，et al. High-speed tribology behaviors of aircraft tire tread rubber in contact with pavement[J]. Wear，2021，486：204071.
[25] WU J，CHEN L，WWANGY，et al. Effect of temperature on wear performance of aircraft tire tread rubber[J]. Polymer Testing，2019，79：106037.
[26] SHEN M，DONG F，ZHANG Z，et al. Effect of abrasive size on friction and wear characteristics of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in two-body abrasion[J]. Tribology International，2016，103：1-11.
[27] LIU J，WANG M，YIN H. A study of the friction characteristics of rubber thermo-mechanical coupling[J]. Polymers，2024，16：596.
[28] RILIAN S，MARTIN W，MARKUS Z. A model for the dynamic friction behaviour of rubber-like materials[J]. Tribology International，2021，164：1-14.
[29] HEISE R. Friction between a temperature dependent viscoelastic body and a rough surface[J]. Friction，2016，4(1)：50-64.
[30] HOSSAIN M M，XIAO S，SUE H J，et al. Scratch behavior of multilayer polymeric coating systems[J]. Materials & Design，2017，128：143-149.
[31] 周海超，王荣乾，梁晨，等. 考虑温度影响的橡胶摩擦磨损仿真方法研究[J/OL]. 机械工程学报，2024，1-12[2024-11-06]. ZHOU Haichao，WANG Rongqian，LIANG Chen，et al. Research on simulation method of rubber friction and wear considering temperature effect[J/OL]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，1-12[2024-11-06].
[32] 贺晓东，黄修长，华宏星. 用于飞轮微振动抑制的黏弹性-干摩擦阻尼环设计[J]. 机械工程学报，2020，56(23)：98-106. HE Xiaodong，HUANG Xiuchang，HUA Hongxing. Design of viscoelastic-dry friction damping ring for Micro-vibration suppression of a flywheel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2020，56(23)：98-106.
[33] JIA T，TIAN H，LIU S，et al. Erucamide/thermoplastic polyurethane blend with low coefficient of friction，high elasticity and good mechanical properties for intelligent wearable devices[J]. Polymer International，2023，72(9)：813-821.
[34] 赵晓霞.带式输送机压陷滚动阻力与模拟摩擦系数的研究[D]. 太原：太原科技大学，2019. ZHAO Xiaoxia. Research on indentation rolling resistance and artificial friction coefficient of belt conveyor[D]. Taiyuan：Taiyuan University of Science and Technology，2019.
[35] ILIC D. Development of design criteria for reducing wear in iron ore transfer chutes[J]. Wear，2019，434：202986.
[36] 张海平. 输送带摩擦学行为及动力学特性研究[D]. 太原：太原理工大学，2016. ZHANG Haiping. The tribology behavior and dynamic characteristics of conveyor belt[D]. Taiyuan：Taiyuan University of Technology，2016.
[37] 王安宇，莫继良，盖小红，等. 表面粗糙度对摩擦尖叫噪声特性的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报，2014，34(4)：400-407. WANG Anyu，MO Jiliang，GAI Xiaohong，et al. Influence of surface roughness on noise characteristics of frictional scream[J]. Tribology，2014，34(4)：400-407.
[38] CUI Z，SU Z，HOU D，et al. From small wrinkles to Schallamach waves during rubber friction：In situ experiment and 3D simulation[J]. Polymer Testing，2021，96：107084.
[39] SCHAPERY R. The effect of global viscoelasticity on rubber friction with Schallamach waves[J]. Tribology International，2020，148：106306.