Prediction Model of Magnetic Induction Strength of Soft Magnetic Materials under Hot Forming Conditions

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.02.132

Abstract

Abstract: Claw pole is one of the important parts of automotive claw pole generator, and its magnetic properties directly affect the power generation efficiency of the corresponding generator. Hot forging is a common process of claw pole manufacturing in the current industry. For the claw pole hot forging forming, the prediction of magnetic properties of claw pole forgings is carried out in this work. A prediction model of magnetic induction intensity related to temperature and strain is established for low carbon soft magnetic material for claw pole, and the key parameters and the related determining methods of this model are introduced. The hot forging process of claw poles are simulated by finite element method, and the prediction model is introduced to try to predict the magnetic induction intensity distribution of claw pole forgings. At the same time, samples are taken at the central part of the claw pole pre-forgings at different deformation stages and at different positions on the final forging, and the specific magnetic induction intensity is measured by the magnetic ring method, which is compared with the simulation results. The maximum error between the simulated prediction and the actual measurement value at different positions of the claw pole is less than 10%, indicating that the prediction model determined in this paper has good applicability which can lay the foundation of simulation analysis for the subsequent optimization of the claw pole process design for magnetic performance improvement.

Key words: claw pole, magnetic property, hot forming, prediction model, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TG156

HU Chengliang, MIAO Hongliang, ZENG Fan, ZHAO Zhen, TANG Minjun, TANG Xiaofeng. Prediction Model of Magnetic Induction Strength of Soft Magnetic Materials under Hot Forming Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(2): 132-139,149.

References

[1] TEKKAYA A E, ALLWOOD J M, BARIANI P F, et al. Metal forming beyond shaping:Predicting and setting product properties[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 2015, 64(2):629-653.
[2] IORDACHE V E, HUG E, BUIRON N. Magnetic behaviour versus tensile deformation mechanisms in a non-oriented Fe (3wt.%) Si steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2003, 359(1-2):62-74.
[3] KÜPFERLING M, APPINO C, BASSO V, et al. Magnetic hysteresis in plastically deformed low-carbon steel laminations[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007, 316(2):e854-e857.
[4] SWARTZENDRUBER L J, HICHO G E, CHOPRA H D, et al. Effect of plastic strain on magnetic and mechanical properties of ultralow carbon sheet steel[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1997, 81(8):4263-4265.
[5] TAKAHASHI S, ECHIGOYA J, MOTOKI Z. Magnetization curves of plastically deformed Fe metals and alloys[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2000, 87(2):805-813.
[6] TAKAHASHI S, ZHANG L, KOBAYASHI S, et al. Analysis of minor hysteresis loops in plastically deformed low carbon steel[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 98(3):033909.
[7] 石文敏.应力及工作环境对电动汽车用电工钢性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉科技大学, 2016.
SHI Wenmin. The influence of stress and working environment on the properties of electrical steel for EV motor[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[8] NAKAOKA M, FUKUMA A, NAKAYA H, et al. Examination of temperature characteristics of magnetic properties using a single sheet tester[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 2005, 125(1):63-68.
[9] FRANCO J A, E Silva F C. High temperature magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 96(17):71-74.
[10] TAKAHASHI N, MORISHITA M, MIYAGI D, et al. Examination of magnetic properties of magnetic materials at high temperature using a ring specimen[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(2):548-551.
[11] JILES D C, ATHERTON D L. Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1984, 61(1-2):48-60.
[12] SZEWCZYK R, BIEŃKOWSKI A, SALACH J. Extended Jiles-Atherton model for modelling the magnetic characteristics of isotropic materials[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008, 320(20):e1049-e1052.
[13] RAGHUNATHAN A, MELIKHOV Y, SNYDER J E, et al. Modeling of two-phase magnetic materials based on Jiles-Atherton theory of hysteresis[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2012, 324(1):20-22.
[14] XIONG E G, WANG S L, MIAO X Y. Research on magnetomechanical coupling effect of Q235 steel member specimens[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 2012, 17(5):605-612.
[15] SZEWCZYK R. Application of Jiles-Atherton model for modelling magnetization characteristics of textured electrical steel magnetized in easy or hard axis[J]. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015, 350:293-302.
[16] SZEWCZYK R. Computational problems connected with Jiles-Atherton model of magnetic hysteresis[J]. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2014, 267:275-283.
[17] BIEDRZYCKI R, SZEWCZYK R, ŠVEC P, et al. Determination of Jiles-Atherton model parameters using differential evolution[C]//Mechatronics-Ideas for Industrial Application Springer, Cham, 2015:11-18.
[18] PODBEREZNAYA I B, MEDVEDEV V V, PAVLENKO A V, et al. Selection of optimal parameters for the Jiles-Atherton magnetic hysteresis model[J]. Russian Electrical Engineering, 2019, 90(1):80-85.
[19] SZEWCZYK R. Estimation of the parameters of anhysteretic curve of isotropic and anisotropic magnetic materials on the base of initial anhysteretic permeability measurements[C]//Conference on Automation, Springer, Cham, 2021:425-430.
[20] SABILK M J, RIOS S, LANDGRAF F J G, et al. Modeling of sharp change in magnetic hysteresis behavior of electrical steel at small plastic deformation[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 97(10):10E518.
[21] WANG Z D, DENG B, YAO K. Physical model of plastic deformation on magnetization in ferromagnetic materials[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, 109(8):083928.
[22] ZHANG Y, ZHOU Y. Modification of one-dimension coupled hysteresis model for GMM with the domain flexing function[J]. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinca, 2014, 27(5):461-466.
[23] PEI Y, GAO X, FANG D, et al. A multi-field domain rotation model for giant magnetostrictive materials[J]. Acta Mechanica, 2013, 224(6):1323-1328.
[24] LI J, XU M, LENG J, et al. Modeling plastic deformation effect on magnetization in ferromagnetic materials[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, 111(6):063909.
[25] CUI R G, LI S H, WANG Z, et al. A modified residual stress dependent Jile-Atherton hysteresis model[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2018, 465:578-584.
[26] ZHANG P C, JIN K, ZHENG X J. Magneto-mechanical coupling model of ferromagnetic materials under fatigue loading and its application in metal magnetic memory method[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2020, 514:167167.
[27] SHI P. One-dimensional magneto-mechanical model for anhysteretic magnetization and magnetostriction in ferromagnetic materials[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2021, 537:168212.
[28] DAFRI M, LADJIMI A, MENDACI S, et al. Phenomenological model of the temperature dependence of hysteresis based on the Preisach model[J]. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2021, 34(5):1453-1458.
[29] 汪畅, 李青春.锻造爪极的组织与性能研究[J].辽宁工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 36(4):273-276.
WANG Chang, LI Qingchun. Research on microstructure and performance of forging claw pole[J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Technology, 2016, 36(4):273-276.[30] ZENG F, BAI X J, HU C L, et al. Effect of plastic strain and forming temperature on magnetic properties of low-carbon steel[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2020, 27(2):210-219.
[31] ZHAO J X, HU C L, ZHAO Z, et al. Effect of deformation degree on the magnetic properties of soft magnetic steel after heat treatment[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2021, 533:167991.
[32] SABILK M J, YONAMINE T, LANDGRAF F J G. Modeling plastic deformation effects in steel on hysteresis loops with the same maximum flux density[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(5):3219-3226.
[33] ASTIE B, DEGAUQUE J, PORTESEIL J, et al. Influence of the dislocation structures on the magnetic and magnetomechanical properties of high-purity iron[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1981, 17(6):2929-2931.
[34] 王进.非调质钢三维复杂热锻造过程多物理场数值模拟研究[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2007.
WANG Jin. Numerical simulation of multi-physical field for microalloyed forging steel during 3D complex hot forging[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2007.
[35] ZENG F, HU C L, ZHAO Z. A novel phenomenological model using a sine function for finite-element simulation of large-strain hot deformation[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2018, 61(5):748-760.